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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mrj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Rheumatology Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1996-7012</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-158X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1996-7012-2020-4-16-22</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mrj-1064</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Инвазивный аспергиллез у взрослых пациентов с ревматическими заболеваниями</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Invasive aspergillosis in adult patients with rheumatic diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазуров</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazurov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 191015, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, 41;Россия, 190068, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Подъяческая, 30</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>41, Kirochnaya St., Saint Petersburg 191015, Russia;30, Bolshaya Pod'yacheskaya St., Saint Petersburg 190068, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лила</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lila</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра ревматологии</p><p>Россия, 115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А;Россия, 125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1; </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Rheumatology </p><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522, Russia; 2/1, Barrikadnaya St., Build. 1, Moscow 125993, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шадривова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shadrivova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 191015, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, 41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>41, Kirochnaya St., Saint Petersburg 191015, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olshadr@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тонкошкур</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tonkoshkur</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 191015, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, 41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>41, Kirochnaya St., Saint Petersburg 191015, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шостак</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shostak</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 191015, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, 41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>41, Kirochnaya St., Saint Petersburg 191015, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартынова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martynova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 191015, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, 41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>41, Kirochnaya St., Saint Petersburg 191015, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Инамова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Inamova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 191015, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, 41;Россия, 190068, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Подъяческая, 30</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>41, Kirochnaya St., Saint Petersburg 191015, Russia;30, Bolshaya Pod'yacheskaya St., Saint Petersburg 190068, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 191015, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, 41;Россия, 190068, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Подъяческая, 30</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>41, Kirochnaya St., Saint Petersburg 191015, Russia;30, Bolshaya Pod'yacheskaya St., Saint Petersburg 190068, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фонтуренко</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fonturenko</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 190068, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Подъяческая, 30</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>30, Bolshaya Pod'yacheskaya St., Saint Petersburg 190068, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Десятик</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Desyatik</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 191015, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, 41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>41, Kirochnaya St., Saint Petersburg 191015, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борзова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borzova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 191015, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, 41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>41, Kirochnaya St., Saint Petersburg 191015, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мелехина</surname><given-names>Ю. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melekhina</surname><given-names>Yu. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 191015, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, 41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>41, Kirochnaya St., Saint Petersburg 191015, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богомолова</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogomolova</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 191015, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, 41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>41, Kirochnaya St., Saint Petersburg 191015, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Игнатьева</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ignatyeva</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 191015, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, 41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>41, Kirochnaya St., Saint Petersburg 191015, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климко</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimko</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Россия, 191015, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, 41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>41, Kirochnaya St., Saint Petersburg 191015, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России;&#13;
Санкт-Петербургское ГБУЗ «Клиническая ревматологическая больница № 25»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia;&#13;
Clinical Rheumatology Hospital Twenty-Five</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»;&#13;
ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow; &#13;
Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургское ГБУЗ «Клиническая ревматологическая больница № 25»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Clinical Rheumatology Hospital Twenty-Five</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>11</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мазуров В.И., Лила А.М., Шадривова О.В., Тонкошкур М.С., Шостак М.С., Мартынова Л.В., Инамова О.В., Петрова М.С., Фонтуренко А.Ю., Десятик Е.А., Борзова Ю.В., Мелехина Ю.Э., Богомолова И.С., Игнатьева С.М., Климко Н.Н., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мазуров В.И., Лила А.М., Шадривова О.В., Тонкошкур М.С., Шостак М.С., Мартынова Л.В., Инамова О.В., Петрова М.С., Фонтуренко А.Ю., Десятик Е.А., Борзова Ю.В., Мелехина Ю.Э., Богомолова И.С., Игнатьева С.М., Климко Н.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mazurov V.I., Lila A.M., Shadrivova O.V., Tonkoshkur M.S., Shostak M.S., Martynova L.V., Inamova O.V., Petrova M.S., Fonturenko A.Y., Desyatik E.A., Borzova Y.V., Melekhina Y.E., Bogomolova I.S., Ignatyeva S.M., Klimko N.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/1064">https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/1064</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – изучение факторов риска развития, этиологии, особенностей клинических проявлений и эффективности лечения инвазивного аспергиллеза (ИА) у пациентов с ревматическими заболеваниями (РЗ).</p><sec><title>Пациенты и методы</title><p>Пациенты и методы. Проведено первое исследование «доказанного» и «вероятного» (EORTС/MSGERC, 2019) ИА у 18 пациентов с РЗ, которые составили 3% всех взрослых больных ИА (n=699), включенных в регистр, созданный на базе кафедры клинической микологии, аллергологии и иммунологии ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова» (1998–2020 гг.) – 1-я группа. В этой группе было 56% женщин, медиана возраста – 59 [21; 75] лет. Во 2-ю группу (группа сравнения) вошли 610 взрослых пациентов с гематологическими заболеваниями, страдающих ИА (медиана возраста – 45 [18; 79] лет, женщины – 42%). Для изучения факторов риска ИА у пациентов с РЗ было проведено проспективное исследование случай-контроль, в которое включили 36 взрослых пациентов с РЗ без ИА (медиана возраста – 58 [18; 79] лет, женщины – 61%) – контрольная группа.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Установлено, что у пациентов с РЗ ИА чаще развивается на фоне васкулитов, ассоциированных c антинейтрофильными цитоплазматическими антителами (гранулематоз с полиангиитом и микроскопический полиангиит), и системной красной волчанки (соответственно в 50 и 16% случаев). Впервые было показано, что вероятность возникновения ИА у пациентов с РЗ повышается при длительной (медиана – 14 дней) лимфоцитопении на фоне лечения РЗ (отношение шансов 13,0; 95% доверительный интервал 3,3–50,3). Основными возбудителями ИА были A. fumigatus (50% случаев) и A. niger (29%). В 1-й группе ИА протекал более тяжело, чем во 2-й: в отделениях реанимации и интенсивной терапии находились 44 и 18% больных соответственно (p=0,01). В 1-й группе чаще, чем во 2-й, отмечались дыхательная недостаточность (61 и 37% соответственно; p=0,03), кровохарканье (28 и 7%; p=0,0001), боль в грудной клетке (17 и 7%; p=0,04), поражение сердца (11 и 1%; p=0,0001), реже – лихорадка (67 и 85%; p=0,01). Основной локализацией ИА были легкие (у 83% больных), характерный признак, определяемый при компьютерной томографии (КТ), – наличие полостей деструкции (44% случаев). Антифунгальную терапию получали 89% больных 1-й группы, общая выживаемость в течение 12 нед составила 69%.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. У пациентов с РЗ сложно провести дифференциальную диагностику между прогрессированием основного заболевания, неблагоприятными реакциями лекарственной терапии, инфекционным осложнением или комбинацией этих нарушений из-за сходства их клинических проявлений. При развитии длительной лимфоцитопении на фоне комплексной терапии у пациентов с РЗ, имеющих инфекционный синдром и дыхательную недостаточность, следует заподозрить ИА и провести обследование: КТ легких, бронхоскопию и микологическое исследование материала, полученного при бронхоальвеолярном лаваже. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to study risk factors for invasive aspergillosis (IA), its etiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment efficiency in patients with rheumatic diseases (RD).</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Patients and methods. The first study of proven and probable IA (EORT/MSGERC, 2019) was conducted in 18 patients with RD, who accounted for 3% of all adult IA patients (n=699) included in the 1998–2020 registry of the Department of Clinical Mycology, Allergology, and Immunology, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University (Group 1). This group comprised 56% women; the median age was 59 [21; 75] years. Group 2 (a comparison group) included 610 adult hematology patients with IA (median age, 45 [18; 79] years; 42% women). A prospective case-control study was conducted to identify risk factors for IA in patients with RD: 36 rheumatic patients without IA (median age, 58 (18–79) years; 61% women) (a control group).</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. Patients with RD were found to often develop IA in the presence of anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis) and systemic lupus erythematosus (50 and 16%, respectively). It was shown for the first time that the likelihood of IA in patients with RD increases with prolonged (median 14 days) lymphocytopenia during RD treatment (odds ratio 13.0; 95% confidence interval, 3.3–50.3). The main causative agents of IA were A. fumigatus (50%) and A. niger (29%). IA was more severe in Group 1 than in Group 2: in the resuscitation and intensive care units, there were 44 and 18%, respectively (p=0.01). Group 1 versus Group 2 more frequently had respiratory failure (61 and 37%, respectively; p=0.03), hemoptysis (28 and 7%; p=0.0001), chest pain (17 and 7%; p=0.04), and cardiac involvement (11 and 1%; p=0.0001), and less frequently had fever (67 and 85%; p=0.01). The common site of IA was the lung (83%); the characteristic feature detected by computed tomography (CT) is pulmonary cavitation (44%). Antifungal therapy was used in 89% of Group 1 patients; the overall 12-week survival was 69%.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In patients with RD, it is difficult to differentiate between the progression of the underlying disease, adverse drug reactions, infectious complications, or a combination of these disorders due to the similarity of their clinical manifestations. When RD patients with infectious syndrome and respiratory failure develop prolonged lymphocytopenia during combination therapy, AI should be suspected and lung CT, bronchoscopy, and mycological examination of the material obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage be done.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инвазивный аспергиллез</kwd><kwd>Aspergillus</kwd><kwd>ревматические заболевания</kwd><kwd>иммуносупрессивная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>invasive aspergillosis</kwd><kwd>Aspergillus</kwd><kwd>rheumatic diseases</kwd><kwd>immunosuppressive therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taccone FS, van den Abeele AM, Bulpaet P, et al. Epidemiology of invasive aspergillosis in critically ill patients: clinical presentation, underlying conditions, and outcomes. 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