<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mrj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Rheumatology Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1996-7012</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-158X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1996-7012-2020-3-79-86</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mrj-1104</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Энтезит – ключ к диагнозу спондилоартрита, акцент на псориатический артрит</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Enthesitis is a clue to the diagnosis of spondyloarthritis, focus on psoriatic arthritis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8702-5638</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егудина</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yehudina</surname><given-names>Ye. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елизавета Давидовна Егудина</p><p>08700, Киев, ул. Днепровская набережная, 25</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yelizaveta Davidovna Yehudina</p><p>25, Dneprovskaya naberezhnaya, Kyiv 08700</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elizavetaegudina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6630-9893</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Триполка</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trypolka</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>61000, Харьков, проспект Независимости, 13</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>13, Nezavisimosry prospect, Kharkiv 61000</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Клиника современной ревматологии</institution><country>Украина</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Clinic of Modern Rheumatology</institution><country>Ukraine</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Коммунальное некоммерческое предприятие Харьковского областного совета «Областная клиническая больница»</institution><country>Украина</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Regional Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Ukraine</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>02</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>79</fpage><lpage>86</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Егудина Е.Д., Триполка С.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Егудина Е.Д., Триполка С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yehudina Y.D., Trypolka S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/1104">https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/1104</self-uri><abstract><p>Энтезит – характерный клинический признак спондилоартритов (СпА), который проявляется воспалением мест прикрепления сухожилия или связки к кости или суставной капсуле. Важность выявления энтезита для диагностики СпА подтверждается включением его в классификационные критерии псориатического артрита (ПсА) – CASPAR – и в классификационные критерии СпА Международной группы по изучению спондилоартритов – ASAS. Энтезит может быть первым клиническим признаком дебюта СпА, а также ведущим симптомом, существенно влияющим на выбор тактики терапии. Энтезит встречается у 30–50% пациентов со СпА и ассоциируется с высокой активностью заболевания, большей выраженностью боли и худшим качеством жизни. Частота энтезита, выявляемого при УЗИ, у пациентов с ПсА приблизительно в 4 раза выше, чем у пациентов с анкилозирующим спондилитом, и взаимосвязана с тяжестью заболевания. В представленном обзоре литературы рассмотрены современные данные, касающиеся патофизиологии, диагностики и лечения энтезита. Недавние исследования подчеркивают необходимость использования для диагностики энтезита визуализационных методов исследования, так как они обладают более высокой чувствительностью и специфичностью по сравнению с результатами клинического обследования. Данные о влиянии синтетических базисных противовоспалительных препаратов на энтезит весьма малочисленны, тогда как таргетные и генно-инженерные биологические препараты показали высокую эффективность в его лечении по сравнению с плацебо. Предварительные данные свидетельствуют о том, что для подавления воспаления в энтезисах воздействие на интерлейкин (ИЛ) 17 или ИЛ12/23 может быть более эффективным, чем на фактор некроза опухоли α.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Enthesitis is a common clinical feature of spondyloarthritis (SpA), characterized by inflammation of the tendon or ligament attachment site to a bone or joint capsule. The importance of detecting enthesitis for the diagnosis of SpA is confirmed by its inclusion in the classification criteria for psoriatic arthritis (PsA) – CASPAR – and in the classification criteria for SpA of the international group for the study of spondyloarthritis – ASAS. Enthesitis may be the first clinical sign of SpA, as well as the leading symptom that significantly influences the therapeutic choice. Enthesitis occurs in 30–50% of patients with SpA and is associated with high disease activity, more severe pain and worse quality of life. The frequency of enthesitis detected by ultrasound in patients with PsA is approximately 4 times higher than in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and is associated with the severity of the disease. The review presents current data on the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of enthesitis. Recent studies emphasize the role of imaging methods for the diagnosis of enthesitis due to their higher sensitivity and specificity compared to clinical examination. There is very limited information on the effect of synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs on enthesitis, while targeted drugs and biologic therapy have shown high efficacy in its treatment compared to placebo. Preliminary evidence suggests that targeting interleukin (IL) 17 or IL12/23 may be more effective in enthesises inflammation suppression than tumor necrosis factor α inhibition.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>энтезит</kwd><kwd>спондилоартрит</kwd><kwd>псориатический артрит</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковое исследование</kwd><kwd>базисные противовоспалительные препараты</kwd><kwd>генно-инженерные биологические препараты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>enthesitis</kwd><kwd>spondyloarthritis</kwd><kwd>psoriatic arthritis</kwd><kwd>ultrasonography</kwd><kwd>disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs</kwd><kwd>biological therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schett G, Lories RJ, D’Agostino MA, et al. Enthesitis: from pathophysiology to treatment. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2017 Nov 21; 13(12):731-41. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2017.188.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schett G, Lories RJ, D’Agostino MA, et al. Enthesitis: from pathophysiology to treatment. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2017 Nov 21; 13(12):731-41. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2017.188.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taylor W, Gladman D, Helliwell P, et al. Classification criteria for psoriatic arthritis: development of new criteria from a large international study. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Aug;54(8):2665-73. doi: 10.1002/art.21972.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taylor W, Gladman D, Helliwell P, et al. Classification criteria for psoriatic arthritis: development of new criteria from a large international study. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Aug;54(8):2665-73. doi: 10.1002/art.21972.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Watad A, Bridgewood C, Russell T, et al. The early phases of ankylosing spondylitis: emerging insights from clinical and basic science. Front Immunol. 2018 Nov 16;9:2668. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02668. eCollection 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Watad A, Bridgewood C, Russell T, et al. The early phases of ankylosing spondylitis: emerging insights from clinical and basic science. Front Immunol. 2018 Nov 16;9:2668. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02668. eCollection 2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cuthbert RJ, Fragkakis EM, Dunsmuir R, et al. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells in human enthesis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017 Sep;69(9):1816-22. doi: 10.1002/art.40150. Epub 2017 Aug 8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cuthbert RJ, Fragkakis EM, Dunsmuir R, et al. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells in human enthesis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017 Sep;69(9):1816-22. doi: 10.1002/art.40150. Epub 2017 Aug 8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jacques P, Lambrecht S, Verheugen E, et al. Proof of concept: enthesitis and new bone formation in spondyloarthritis are driven by mechanical strain and stromal cells. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014 Feb;73(2):437-45. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203643. Epub 2013 Aug 6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jacques P, Lambrecht S, Verheugen E, et al. Proof of concept: enthesitis and new bone formation in spondyloarthritis are driven by mechanical strain and stromal cells. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014 Feb;73(2):437-45. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203643. Epub 2013 Aug 6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eder L, Law T, Chandran V, et al. Association between environmental factors and onset of psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011 Aug; 63(8):1091-7. doi: 10.1002/acr.20496.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eder L, Law T, Chandran V, et al. Association between environmental factors and onset of psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011 Aug; 63(8):1091-7. doi: 10.1002/acr.20496.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cambre I, Gaublomme D, Burssens A, et al. Mechanical strain determines the site-specific localization of inflammation and tissue damage in arthritis. Nat Commun. 2018 Nov 5; 9(1):4613. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06933-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cambre I, Gaublomme D, Burssens A, et al. Mechanical strain determines the site-specific localization of inflammation and tissue damage in arthritis. Nat Commun. 2018 Nov 5; 9(1):4613. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06933-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Czegley C, Gillmann C, Schauer C, et al. A model of chronic enthesitis and new bone formation characterized by multimodal imaging. Dis Model Mech. 2018 Aug 30;11(9): dmm034041. doi: 10.1242/dmm.034041.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Czegley C, Gillmann C, Schauer C, et al. A model of chronic enthesitis and new bone formation characterized by multimodal imaging. Dis Model Mech. 2018 Aug 30;11(9): dmm034041. doi: 10.1242/dmm.034041.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paulissen SM, van Hamburg JP, Davelaar N, et al. Synovial fibroblasts directly induce Th17 pathogenicity via the cyclooxygenase/ prostaglandin E2 pathway, independent of IL-23. J Immunol. 2013 Aug 1;191(3):1364-72. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300274. Epub 2013 Jul 1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paulissen SM, van Hamburg JP, Davelaar N, et al. Synovial fibroblasts directly induce Th17 pathogenicity via the cyclooxygenase/ prostaglandin E2 pathway, independent of IL-23. J Immunol. 2013 Aug 1;191(3):1364-72. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300274. Epub 2013 Jul 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ritchlin C, Adamopoulos IE. Go with the flow- hidden vascular passages in bone. Nat Metab. 2019 Feb;1(2):173-74. doi: 10.1038/s42255-018-0024-5. Epub 2019 Jan 21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ritchlin C, Adamopoulos IE. Go with the flow- hidden vascular passages in bone. Nat Metab. 2019 Feb;1(2):173-74. doi: 10.1038/s42255-018-0024-5. Epub 2019 Jan 21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sherlock JP, Joyce-Shaikh B, Turner SP, et al. IL-23 induces spondyloarthropathy by acting on ROR-βt+ CD3+CD4-CD8-entheseal resident T cells. Nat Med. 2012 Jul 1; 18(7):1069-76. doi: 10.1038/nm.2817.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sherlock JP, Joyce-Shaikh B, Turner SP, et al. IL-23 induces spondyloarthropathy by acting on ROR-βt+ CD3+CD4-CD8-entheseal resident T cells. Nat Med. 2012 Jul 1; 18(7):1069-76. doi: 10.1038/nm.2817.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwartz AG, Galatz LM, Thomopoulos S. Enthesis regeneration: a role for Gli1+ progenitor cells. Development. 2017 Apr 1;144(7):1159-64. doi: 10.1242/dev.139303. Epub 2017 Feb 20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwartz AG, Galatz LM, Thomopoulos S. Enthesis regeneration: a role for Gli1+ progenitor cells. Development. 2017 Apr 1;144(7):1159-64. doi: 10.1242/dev.139303. Epub 2017 Feb 20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">El-Zayadi AA, Jones EA, Churchman SM, et al. Interleukin-22 drives the proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells: a novel cytokine that could contribute to new bone formation in spondyloarthropathies. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2017 Mar 1;56(3):488-93. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew384.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">El-Zayadi AA, Jones EA, Churchman SM, et al. Interleukin-22 drives the proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells: a novel cytokine that could contribute to new bone formation in spondyloarthropathies. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2017 Mar 1;56(3):488-93. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew384.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simon D, Kleyer A, Bayat S, et al. Effect of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs on bone structure and strength in psoriatic arthritis patients. Arthritis Res Ther. 2019 Jul 3;21(1):162. doi: 10.1186/s13075-019-1938-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simon D, Kleyer A, Bayat S, et al. Effect of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs on bone structure and strength in psoriatic arthritis patients. Arthritis Res Ther. 2019 Jul 3;21(1):162. doi: 10.1186/s13075-019-1938-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Loi F, Cordova LA, Pajarinen J, et al. Inflammation, fracture and bone repair. Bone. 2016 May;86:119-30. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.02.020. Epub 2016 Mar 2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Loi F, Cordova LA, Pajarinen J, et al. Inflammation, fracture and bone repair. Bone. 2016 May;86:119-30. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.02.020. Epub 2016 Mar 2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Araujo EG, Schett G. Enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis (Part 1): pathophysiology. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2020 Mar 1;59(Suppl 1): i10-i14. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa039.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Araujo EG, Schett G. Enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis (Part 1): pathophysiology. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2020 Mar 1;59(Suppl 1): i10-i14. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa039.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Polachek A, Li S, Chandran V, Gladman DD. Clinical enthesitis in a prospective longitudinal psoriatic arthritis cohort: incidence, prevalence, characteristics, and outcome. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2017 Nov;69(11):1685-91. doi: 10.1002/acr.23174. Epub 2017 Sep 21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polachek A, Li S, Chandran V, Gladman DD. Clinical enthesitis in a prospective longitudinal psoriatic arthritis cohort: incidence, prevalence, characteristics, and outcome. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2017 Nov;69(11):1685-91. doi: 10.1002/acr.23174. Epub 2017 Sep 21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Solmaz D, Bakirci S, Jibri Z, et al. Psoriasis is an independent risk factor for entheseal damage in axial spondyloarthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2020 Feb;50(1):42-7. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.06.016. Epub 2019 Jun 28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Solmaz D, Bakirci S, Jibri Z, et al. Psoriasis is an independent risk factor for entheseal damage in axial spondyloarthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2020 Feb;50(1):42-7. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.06.016. Epub 2019 Jun 28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mease PJ, Palmer JB, Liu M, et al. Influence of axial involvement on clinical characteristics of psoriatic arthritis: analysis from the Corrona Psoriatic Arthritis/ Spondyloarthritis Registry. J Rheumatol. 2018 Oct;45(10):1389-96. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.171094. Epub 2018 Jul 1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mease PJ, Palmer JB, Liu M, et al. Influence of axial involvement on clinical characteristics of psoriatic arthritis: analysis from the Corrona Psoriatic Arthritis/ Spondyloarthritis Registry. J Rheumatol. 2018 Oct;45(10):1389-96. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.171094. Epub 2018 Jul 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sunar I, Ataman S, Nas K, et al. Enthesitis and its relationship with disease activity, functional status, and quality of life in psoriatic arthritis: a multicenter study. Rheumatol Int. 2020 Feb;40(2):283-94. doi: 10.1007/s00296-019-04480-9. Epub 2019 Nov 26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sunar I, Ataman S, Nas K, et al. Enthesitis and its relationship with disease activity, functional status, and quality of life in psoriatic arthritis: a multicenter study. Rheumatol Int. 2020 Feb;40(2):283-94. doi: 10.1007/s00296-019-04480-9. Epub 2019 Nov 26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lopez-Medina C, Molto A, Dougados M. Peripheral manifestations in spondyloarthritis and their effect: an ancillary analysis of the ASAS-COMOSPA Study. J Rheumatol. 2020 Feb;47(2):211-17. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.181331. Epub 2019 Apr 15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lopez-Medina C, Molto A, Dougados M. Peripheral manifestations in spondyloarthritis and their effect: an ancillary analysis of the ASAS-COMOSPA Study. J Rheumatol. 2020 Feb;47(2):211-17. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.181331. Epub 2019 Apr 15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mease PJ. Measures of psoriatic arthritis: Tender and Swollen Joint Assessment, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI), Modified Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (mNAPSI), Mander/Newcastle Enthesitis Index (MEI), Leeds Enthesitis Index (LEI), Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC), Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesis Score (MASES), Leeds Dactylitis Index (LDI), Patient Global for Psoriatic Arthritis, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Psoriatic Arthritis Quality of Life (PsAQOL), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F), Psoriatic Arthritis Response Criteria (PsARC), Psoriatic Arthritis Joint Activity Index (PsAJAI), Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA), and Composite Psoriatic Disease Activity Index (CPDAI). Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011 Nov;63 Suppl 11:S64-85. doi: 10.1002/acr.20577.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mease PJ. Measures of psoriatic arthritis: Tender and Swollen Joint Assessment, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI), Modified Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (mNAPSI), Mander/Newcastle Enthesitis Index (MEI), Leeds Enthesitis Index (LEI), Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC), Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesis Score (MASES), Leeds Dactylitis Index (LDI), Patient Global for Psoriatic Arthritis, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Psoriatic Arthritis Quality of Life (PsAQOL), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F), Psoriatic Arthritis Response Criteria (PsARC), Psoriatic Arthritis Joint Activity Index (PsAJAI), Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA), and Composite Psoriatic Disease Activity Index (CPDAI). Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011 Nov;63 Suppl 11:S64-85. doi: 10.1002/acr.20577.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mease PJ, van den Bosch F, Sieper J, et al. Performance of 3 enthesitis indices in patients with peripheral spondyloarthritis during treatment with adalimumab. J Rheumatol. 2017 May; 44(5):599-608. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.160387. Epub 2017 Mar 15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mease PJ, van den Bosch F, Sieper J, et al. Performance of 3 enthesitis indices in patients with peripheral spondyloarthritis during treatment with adalimumab. J Rheumatol. 2017 May; 44(5):599-608. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.160387. Epub 2017 Mar 15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palominos PE, de Campos APB, Ribeiro SLE, et al. Correlation of enthesitis indices with disease activity and function in axial and peripheral spondyloarthritis: a crosssectional study comparing MASES, SPARCC and LEI. Adv Rheumatol. 2019 Jun 17;59(1): 23. doi: 10.1186/s42358-019-0066-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palominos PE, de Campos APB, Ribeiro SLE, et al. Correlation of enthesitis indices with disease activity and function in axial and peripheral spondyloarthritis: a crosssectional study comparing MASES, SPARCC and LEI. Adv Rheumatol. 2019 Jun 17;59(1): 23. doi: 10.1186/s42358-019-0066-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koppikara S, Edera L. The management of enthesitis in clinical practice. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2020 Jul;32(4):380-6. doi: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000715.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koppikara S, Edera L. The management of enthesitis in clinical practice. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2020 Jul;32(4):380-6. doi: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000715.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Macchioni P, Salvarani C, Possemato N, et al. Ultrasonographic and clinical assessment of peripheral enthesitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis, and fibromyalgia syndrome: the ULISSE Study. J Rheumatol. 2019 Aug;46(8):904-11. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.171411. Epub 2019 Mar 15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Macchioni P, Salvarani C, Possemato N, et al. Ultrasonographic and clinical assessment of peripheral enthesitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis, and fibromyalgia syndrome: the ULISSE Study. J Rheumatol. 2019 Aug;46(8):904-11. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.171411. Epub 2019 Mar 15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maksymowych WP, Lambert RG, Ostergaard M, et al. MRI lesions in the sacroiliac joints of patients with spondyloarthritis: an update of definitions and validation by the ASAS MRI working group. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019 Nov;78(11):1550-8. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215589. Epub 2019 Aug 17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maksymowych WP, Lambert RG, Ostergaard M, et al. MRI lesions in the sacroiliac joints of patients with spondyloarthritis: an update of definitions and validation by the ASAS MRI working group. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019 Nov;78(11):1550-8. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215589. Epub 2019 Aug 17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eriksen EF. Treatment of bone marrow lesions (bone marrow edema). Bonekey Rep. 2015 Nov 25;4:755. doi: 10.1038/bonekey.2015.124. eCollection 2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eriksen EF. Treatment of bone marrow lesions (bone marrow edema). Bonekey Rep. 2015 Nov 25;4:755. doi: 10.1038/bonekey.2015.124. eCollection 2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mathew AJ, Krabbe S, Eshed I, et al. The OMERACT MRI in enthesitis initiative: definitions of key pathologies, suggested MRI Sequences, and a Novel Heel Enthesitis Scoring System. J Rheumatol. 2019 Sep;46(9): 1232-38. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.181093. Epub 2019 Feb 1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mathew AJ, Krabbe S, Eshed I, et al. The OMERACT MRI in enthesitis initiative: definitions of key pathologies, suggested MRI Sequences, and a Novel Heel Enthesitis Scoring System. J Rheumatol. 2019 Sep;46(9): 1232-38. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.181093. Epub 2019 Feb 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krabbe S, Eshed I, Gandjbakhch F, et al. Development and validation of an OMERACT MRI whole-body score for inflammation in peripheral joints and entheses in inflammatory arthritis (MRI-WIPE). J Rheumatol. 2019 Sep;46(9):1215-21. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.181084. Epub 2019 Feb 15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krabbe S, Eshed I, Gandjbakhch F, et al. Development and validation of an OMERACT MRI whole-body score for inflammation in peripheral joints and entheses in inflammatory arthritis (MRI-WIPE). J Rheumatol. 2019 Sep;46(9):1215-21. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.181084. Epub 2019 Feb 15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Balint PV, Terslev L, Aegerter P, et al. Reliability of a consensus-based ultrasound definition and scoring for enthesitis in spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis: an OMERACT US initiative. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018 Dec;77(12):1730-5. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213609. Epub 2018 Aug 3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balint PV, Terslev L, Aegerter P, et al. Reliability of a consensus-based ultrasound definition and scoring for enthesitis in spondyloarthritis and psoriatic arthritis: an OMERACT US initiative. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018 Dec;77(12):1730-5. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213609. Epub 2018 Aug 3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bakewell C, Aydin SZ, Ranganath VK, et al. Imaging techniques: options for the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment of enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2020 Jul 1;47(7):973-82. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.190512. Epub 2019 Nov 1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bakewell C, Aydin SZ, Ranganath VK, et al. Imaging techniques: options for the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment of enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2020 Jul 1;47(7):973-82. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.190512. Epub 2019 Nov 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elalouf O, Bakirci Ureyen S, Touma Z, et al. Psoriatic arthritis sonographic enthesitis instruments: a systematic review of the literature. J Rheumatol. 2019 Jan;46(1):43-56. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.171466. Epub 2018 Jul 15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elalouf O, Bakirci Ureyen S, Touma Z, et al. Psoriatic arthritis sonographic enthesitis instruments: a systematic review of the literature. J Rheumatol. 2019 Jan;46(1):43-56. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.171466. Epub 2018 Jul 15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Macia-Villa C, Falcao S, Gutierrez M, et al. Peritenon extensor tendon inflammation in psoriatic arthritis is an enthesitis-related lesion. J Rheumatol. 2019 Oct;46(10):1295-8. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.180856. Epub 2019 Feb 1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Macia-Villa C, Falcao S, Gutierrez M, et al. Peritenon extensor tendon inflammation in psoriatic arthritis is an enthesitis-related lesion. J Rheumatol. 2019 Oct;46(10):1295-8. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.180856. Epub 2019 Feb 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zuliani F, Zabotti A, Errichetti E, et al. Ultrasonographic detection of subclinical enthesitis and synovitis: a possible stratification of psoriatic patients without clinical musculoskeletal involvement. Clin Exp Rheumatol. Jul-Aug 2019;37(4):593-9. Epub 2018 Dec 19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zuliani F, Zabotti A, Errichetti E, et al. Ultrasonographic detection of subclinical enthesitis and synovitis: a possible stratification of psoriatic patients without clinical musculoskeletal involvement. Clin Exp Rheumatol. Jul-Aug 2019;37(4):593-9. Epub 2018 Dec 19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coates LC, Kavanaugh A, Mease PJ, et al. Group for research and assessment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis 2015 treatment recommendations for psoriatic arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016 May;68(5):1060-71. doi: 10.1002/art.39573. Epub 2016 Mar 23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coates LC, Kavanaugh A, Mease PJ, et al. Group for research and assessment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis 2015 treatment recommendations for psoriatic arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016 May;68(5):1060-71. doi: 10.1002/art.39573. Epub 2016 Mar 23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van der Heijde D, Ramiro S, Landewe R, et al. 2016 update of the ASASEULAR management recommendations for axial spondyloarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017 Jun;76(6): 978-91. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210770. Epub 2017 Jan 13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van der Heijde D, Ramiro S, Landewe R, et al. 2016 update of the ASASEULAR management recommendations for axial spondyloarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017 Jun;76(6): 978-91. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210770. Epub 2017 Jan 13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh JA, Guyatt G, Ogdie A, et al. Special Article: 2018 American College of Rheumatology/National Psoriasis Foundation Guideline for the Treatment of Psoriatic Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019 Jan;71(1): 5-32. doi: 10.1002/art.40726. Epub 2018 Nov 30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh JA, Guyatt G, Ogdie A, et al. Special Article: 2018 American College of Rheumatology/National Psoriasis Foundation Guideline for the Treatment of Psoriatic Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019 Jan;71(1): 5-32. doi: 10.1002/art.40726. Epub 2018 Nov 30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gossec L, Baraliakos X, Kerschbaumer A, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis with pharmacological therapies: 2019 update. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020 Jun;79(6):700-12. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217159.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gossec L, Baraliakos X, Kerschbaumer A, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis with pharmacological therapies: 2019 update. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020 Jun;79(6):700-12. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217159.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coates LC, Helliwell PS. Methotrexate efficacy in the tight control in Psoriatic Arthritis Study. J Rheumatol. 2016 Feb;43(2):356-61. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.150614. Epub 2015 Dec 15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coates LC, Helliwell PS. Methotrexate efficacy in the tight control in Psoriatic Arthritis Study. J Rheumatol. 2016 Feb;43(2):356-61. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.150614. Epub 2015 Dec 15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mease PJ, Gladman DD, Collier DH, et al. Etanercept and methotrexate as monotherapy or in combination for psoriatic arthritis: primary results from a randomized, controlled phase III trial. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019 Jul; 71(7):1112-24. doi: 10.1002/art.40851. Epub 2019 May 28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mease PJ, Gladman DD, Collier DH, et al. Etanercept and methotrexate as monotherapy or in combination for psoriatic arthritis: primary results from a randomized, controlled phase III trial. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019 Jul; 71(7):1112-24. doi: 10.1002/art.40851. Epub 2019 May 28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gladman DD, Kavanaugh A, GomezReino JJ, et al. Therapeutic benefit of apremilast on enthesitis and dactylitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis: a pooled analysis of the PALACE 1-3 studies. RMD Open. 2018 Jun 27;4(1):e000669. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2018-000669. eCollection 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gladman DD, Kavanaugh A, GomezReino JJ, et al. Therapeutic benefit of apremilast on enthesitis and dactylitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis: a pooled analysis of the PALACE 1-3 studies. RMD Open. 2018 Jun 27;4(1):e000669. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2018-000669. eCollection 2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kavanaugh A, Gladman DD, Edwards CJ, et al. Long-term experience with apremilast in patients with psoriatic arthritis: 5-year results from a PALACE 1-3 pooled analysis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2019 May 10;21(1):118. doi: 10.1186/s13075-019-1901-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kavanaugh A, Gladman DD, Edwards CJ, et al. Long-term experience with apremilast in patients with psoriatic arthritis: 5-year results from a PALACE 1-3 pooled analysis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2019 May 10;21(1):118. doi: 10.1186/s13075-019-1901-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nash P, Ohson K, Walsh J, et al. Early and sustained efficacy with apremilast monotherapy in biological-naive patients with psoriatic arthritis: a phase IIIB, randomised controlled trial (ACTIVE). Ann Rheum Dis. 2018 May;77(5):690-8. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211568. Epub 2018 Jan 17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nash P, Ohson K, Walsh J, et al. Early and sustained efficacy with apremilast monotherapy in biological-naive patients with psoriatic arthritis: a phase IIIB, randomised controlled trial (ACTIVE). Ann Rheum Dis. 2018 May;77(5):690-8. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211568. Epub 2018 Jan 17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nash P, Coates LC, Fleischmann R, et al. Efficacy of tofacitinib for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis: pooled analysis of two phase 3 studies. Rheumatol Ther. 2018 Dec; 5(2):567-82. doi: 10.1007/s40744-018-0131-5. Epub 2018 Nov 9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nash P, Coates LC, Fleischmann R, et al. Efficacy of tofacitinib for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis: pooled analysis of two phase 3 studies. Rheumatol Ther. 2018 Dec; 5(2):567-82. doi: 10.1007/s40744-018-0131-5. Epub 2018 Nov 9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mease P, Coates LC, Helliwell PS, et al. Efficacy and safety of filgotinib, a selective Janus kinase 1 inhibitor, in patients with active psoriatic arthritis (EQUATOR): results from a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2018 Dec 1;392(10162):2367-77. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32483-8. Epub 2018 Oct 22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mease P, Coates LC, Helliwell PS, et al. Efficacy and safety of filgotinib, a selective Janus kinase 1 inhibitor, in patients with active psoriatic arthritis (EQUATOR): results from a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2018 Dec 1;392(10162):2367-77. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32483-8. Epub 2018 Oct 22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gladman DD, Sampalis JS, Illouz O, Guerette B. Responses to adalimumab in patients with active psoriatic arthritis who have not adequately responded to prior therapy: effectiveness and safety results from an open-label study. J Rheumatol. 2010 Sep; 37(9):1898-906. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.100069. Epub 2010 Jul 1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gladman DD, Sampalis JS, Illouz O, Guerette B. Responses to adalimumab in patients with active psoriatic arthritis who have not adequately responded to prior therapy: effectiveness and safety results from an open-label study. J Rheumatol. 2010 Sep; 37(9):1898-906. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.100069. Epub 2010 Jul 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sterry W, Ortonne JP, Kirkham B, et al. Comparison of two etanercept regimens for treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: PRESTA randomised double blind multicentre trial. BMJ. 2010 Feb 2;340:c147. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c147.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sterry W, Ortonne JP, Kirkham B, et al. Comparison of two etanercept regimens for treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: PRESTA randomised double blind multicentre trial. BMJ. 2010 Feb 2;340:c147. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c147.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Antoni CE, Kavanaugh A, Kirkham B, et al. Sustained benefits of infliximab therapy for dermatologic and articular manifestations of psoriatic arthritis: results from the infliximab multinational psoriatic arthritis controlled trial (IMPACT). Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Apr;52(4):1227-36. doi: 10.1002/art.20967.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antoni CE, Kavanaugh A, Kirkham B, et al. Sustained benefits of infliximab therapy for dermatologic and articular manifestations of psoriatic arthritis: results from the infliximab multinational psoriatic arthritis controlled trial (IMPACT). Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Apr;52(4):1227-36. doi: 10.1002/art.20967.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kavanaugh A, Mease P. Treatment of psoriatic arthritis with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors: longer-term outcomes including enthesitis and dactylitis with golimumab treatment in the Longterm Extension of a Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study (GO-REVEAL). J Rheumatol Suppl. 2012 Jul;89:90-3. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.120254.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kavanaugh A, Mease P. Treatment of psoriatic arthritis with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors: longer-term outcomes including enthesitis and dactylitis with golimumab treatment in the Longterm Extension of a Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study (GO-REVEAL). J Rheumatol Suppl. 2012 Jul;89:90-3. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.120254.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mease PJ, Fleischmann R, Deodhar AA, et al. Effect of certolizumab pegol on signs and symptoms in patients with psoriatic arthritis: 24-week results of a phase 3 doubleblind randomised placebo-controlled study (RAPID-PsA). Ann Rheum Dis. 2014 Jan; 73(1):48-55. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis2013-203696. Epub 2013 Aug 13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mease PJ, Fleischmann R, Deodhar AA, et al. Effect of certolizumab pegol on signs and symptoms in patients with psoriatic arthritis: 24-week results of a phase 3 doubleblind randomised placebo-controlled study (RAPID-PsA). Ann Rheum Dis. 2014 Jan; 73(1):48-55. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis2013-203696. Epub 2013 Aug 13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van der Heijde D, Deodhar A, FitzGerald O, et al. 4-year results from the RAPIDPsA phase 3 randomised placebo-controlled trial of certolizumab pegol in psoriatic arthritis. RMD Open. 2018 Mar 14;4(1):e000582. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2017-000582. eCollection 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van der Heijde D, Deodhar A, FitzGerald O, et al. 4-year results from the RAPIDPsA phase 3 randomised placebo-controlled trial of certolizumab pegol in psoriatic arthritis. RMD Open. 2018 Mar 14;4(1):e000582. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2017-000582. eCollection 2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kavanaugh A, Puig L, Gottlieb AB, et al. Efficacy and safety of ustekinumab in psoriatic arthritis patients with peripheral arthritis and physician-reported spondylitis: posthoc analyses from two phase III, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies (PSUMMIT-1/PSUMMIT-2). Ann Rheum Dis. 2016 Nov;75(11):1984-8. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-209068. Epub 2016 Apr 20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kavanaugh A, Puig L, Gottlieb AB, et al. Efficacy and safety of ustekinumab in psoriatic arthritis patients with peripheral arthritis and physician-reported spondylitis: posthoc analyses from two phase III, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies (PSUMMIT-1/PSUMMIT-2). Ann Rheum Dis. 2016 Nov;75(11):1984-8. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-209068. Epub 2016 Apr 20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McInnes IB, Chakravarty SD, Apaolaza I, et al. Efficacy of ustekinumab in biologicnaive patients with psoriatic arthritis by prior treatment exposure and disease duration: data from PSUMMIT 1 and PSUMMIT 2. RMD Open. 2019 Aug 18;5(2):e000990. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2019-000990. eCollection 2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McInnes IB, Chakravarty SD, Apaolaza I, et al. Efficacy of ustekinumab in biologicnaive patients with psoriatic arthritis by prior treatment exposure and disease duration: data from PSUMMIT 1 and PSUMMIT 2. RMD Open. 2019 Aug 18;5(2):e000990. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2019-000990. eCollection 2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chimenti MS, Ortolan A, Lorenzin M, et al. Effectiveness and safety of ustekinumab in naive or TNF-inhibitors failure psoriatic arthritis patients: a 24-month prospective multicentric study. Clin Rheumatol. 2018 Feb; 37(2):397-405. doi: 10.1007/s10067-017-3953-6. Epub 2018 Jan 4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chimenti MS, Ortolan A, Lorenzin M, et al. Effectiveness and safety of ustekinumab in naive or TNF-inhibitors failure psoriatic arthritis patients: a 24-month prospective multicentric study. Clin Rheumatol. 2018 Feb; 37(2):397-405. doi: 10.1007/s10067-017-3953-6. Epub 2018 Jan 4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mease PJ, Rahman P, Gottlieb AB, et al. Guselkumab in biologic-naive patients with active psoriatic arthritis (DISCOVER-2): a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2020 Apr 4;395(10230):1126-36. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30263-4. Epub 2020 Mar 13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mease PJ, Rahman P, Gottlieb AB, et al. Guselkumab in biologic-naive patients with active psoriatic arthritis (DISCOVER-2): a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2020 Apr 4;395(10230):1126-36. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30263-4. Epub 2020 Mar 13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orbai AM, McInnes IB, Coates LC, et al. Effect of secukinumab on the different GRAPPA-OMERACT core domains in psoriatic arthritis: a pooled analysis of 2049 patients. J Rheumatol. 2020 Jun 1;47(6):854- 64. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.190507. Epub 2019 Oct 15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orbai AM, McInnes IB, Coates LC, et al. Effect of secukinumab on the different GRAPPA-OMERACT core domains in psoriatic arthritis: a pooled analysis of 2049 patients. J Rheumatol. 2020 Jun 1;47(6):854- 64. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.190507. Epub 2019 Oct 15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gladman DD, Orbai AM, Klitz U, et al. Ixekizumab and complete resolution of enthesitis and dactylitis: integrated analysis of two phase 3 randomized trials in psoriatic arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2019 Jan 29;21(1): 38. doi: 10.1186/s13075-019-1831-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gladman DD, Orbai AM, Klitz U, et al. Ixekizumab and complete resolution of enthesitis and dactylitis: integrated analysis of two phase 3 randomized trials in psoriatic arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2019 Jan 29;21(1): 38. doi: 10.1186/s13075-019-1831-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mease PJ, Genovese MC, Greenwald MW, et al. Brodalumab, an anti-IL17RA monoclonal antibody, in psoriatic arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jun 12;370(24):2295-306. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1315231.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mease PJ, Genovese MC, Greenwald MW, et al. Brodalumab, an anti-IL17RA monoclonal antibody, in psoriatic arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jun 12;370(24):2295-306. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1315231.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mourad A, Gniadecki R. Treatment of dactylitis and enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis with biologic agents: a systematic review and metaanalysis. J Rheumatol. 2020 Jan;47(1): 59-65. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.180797. Epub 2019 Mar 1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mourad A, Gniadecki R. Treatment of dactylitis and enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis with biologic agents: a systematic review and metaanalysis. J Rheumatol. 2020 Jan;47(1): 59-65. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.180797. Epub 2019 Mar 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Araujo EG, Englbrecht M, Hoepken S, et al. Effects of ustekinumab versus tumor necrosis factor inhibition on enthesitis: results from the enthesial clearance in psoriatic arthritis (ECLIPSA) study. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2019 Feb;48(4):632-7. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2018.05.011. Epub 2018 Jun 13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Araujo EG, Englbrecht M, Hoepken S, et al. Effects of ustekinumab versus tumor necrosis factor inhibition on enthesitis: results from the enthesial clearance in psoriatic arthritis (ECLIPSA) study. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2019 Feb;48(4):632-7. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2018.05.011. Epub 2018 Jun 13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mease PJ, Smolen JS, Behrens F, et al. A head-to-head comparison of the efficacy and safety of ixekizumab and adalimumab in biological-naive patients with active psoriatic arthritis: 24-week results of a randomised, open-label, blinded-assessor trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020 Jan;79(1):123-31. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215386. Epub 2019 Sep 28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mease PJ, Smolen JS, Behrens F, et al. A head-to-head comparison of the efficacy and safety of ixekizumab and adalimumab in biological-naive patients with active psoriatic arthritis: 24-week results of a randomised, open-label, blinded-assessor trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020 Jan;79(1):123-31. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215386. Epub 2019 Sep 28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
