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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mrj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Rheumatology Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1996-7012</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-158X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1996-7012-2021-4-7-12</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mrj-1165</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕКЦИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LECTURE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Mолекулярные основы новых подходов к терапии остеоартрита (часть I)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Molecular basis for new approaches to therapy of osteoarthritis (part I)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7312-2349</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Четина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chetina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Васильевна Четина</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena Vasilievna Chetina</p><p>34A, Kashirskoye shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">etchetina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5946-5695</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Markova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoye shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6068-3080</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лила</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lila</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра ревматологии</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Rheumatology</p><p>34A, Kashirskoye shosse, Moscow 1155222/1, Barrikadnaya St., Build. 1, Moscow 125993</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology; Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>12</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Четина Е.В., Маркова Г.А., Лила А.М., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Четина Е.В., Маркова Г.А., Лила А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chetina E.V., Markova G.A., Lila A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/1165">https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/1165</self-uri><abstract><p>Остеоартрит (ОА) – наиболее распространенное заболевание лиц пожилого возраста, которое сопровождается болевым синдромом и повреждает все ткани сустава. ОА характеризуется прогрессирующей потерей суставного хряща, склеротическими изменениями субхондральной кости и образованием остеофитов. Деструкция хряща обусловлена резорбцией внеклеточного матрикса, который состоит преимущественно из коллагена II типа и протеогликана аггрекана. Избыточное расщепление коллагена II типа при ОА связано с повышением синтеза и активности металлопротеиназ и экспрессией провоспалительных цитокинов – интерлейкина 1β и фактора некроза опухолей α.В настоящее время терапия ОА носит симптоматический характер, часто неэффективна и в ряде случаев сопровождаются неблагоприятными реакциями. Необходим поиск новых терапевтических подходов при ОА с использованием современных технологий, в том числе знаний о метаболических нарушениях, которые вызывают заболевание. В статье описываются перспективные методы лечения ОА: применение стволовых клеток, субклеточных структур и молекул-миметиков, основанные на современных представлениях о молекулярных и клеточных механизмах, которые нарушаются в ходе развития и прогрессирования заболевания.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common disease of the elderly, which is accompanied by pain and damages all tissues of the joint. OA is associated with progressive loss of articular cartilage, sclerotic changes in the subchondral bone and the formation of osteophytes. Cartilage destruction is caused by resorption of the extracellular matrix, which consists mainly of type II collagen and aggrecan proteoglycan. Excessive cleavage of type II collagen in OA is associated with increased synthesis and activity of metalloproteinases and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines of interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor α. Currently, OA therapy is symptomatic, often ineffective, and in some cases is accompanied by adverse side effects. Therefore, the search for new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of the disease, using modern technological capabilities and knowledge of the metabolic disorders that cause the disease. The review presents new promising methods in the treatment of OA using stem cells and subcellular structures, based on modern knowledge of molecular and cellular mechanisms that are disrupted during development and disease progression.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>остеоартрит</kwd><kwd>терапия</kwd><kwd>молекулярные механизмы</kwd><kwd>стволовые клетки</kwd><kwd>миметики</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>osteoarthritis</kwd><kwd>therapy</kwd><kwd>molecular mechanisms</kwd><kwd>stem cells</kwd><kwd>mimetics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лила АМ, Алексеева ЛИ, Таскина ЕА. Современные подходы к терапии остеоартрита с учетом обновленных международных рекомендаций. Русский медицинский журнал. Медицинское обозрение. 2019;3(11-2):48-52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lila AM, Alekseeva LI, Taskina EA. 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