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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mrj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Rheumatology Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1996-7012</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-158X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1996-7012-2022-3-37-41</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mrj-1295</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Поздняя отсроченная нейтропения, индуцированная анти-В-клеточной терапией ритуксимабом, у пациентов с АНЦА-ассоциированными системными васкулитами</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Late-onset neutropenia induced by anti-B cell therapy with rituximab in patients with ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2641-9785</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бекетова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Beketova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Валентиновна Бекетова</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p><p>121359, Москва, ул. Маршала Тимошенко, 15</p><p>107023, Москва, ул. Большая Семеновская, 38</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana Valentinovna Beketova</p><p>34A, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow 115522</p><p>15, Marshal Timoshenko street, Moscow 121359</p><p>38, Bolshaya Semenovskaya street, Moscow 107023</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tvbek@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6373-332X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8020-2494</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабак</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babak</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»; ФГБУ «Центральная клиническая больница с поликлиникой» Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации; ФГАОУ ВО «Московский политехнический университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology; Central Clinical Hospital with a Polyclinic of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation; Moscow Polytechnic University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бекетова Т.В., Попов И.Ю., Бабак В.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бекетова Т.В., Попов И.Ю., Бабак В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Beketova T.V., Popov I.Y., Babak V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/1295">https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/1295</self-uri><abstract><p>В последнее десятилетие при системных васкулитах (СВ), ассоциированных с антинейтрофильными цитоплазматическими антителами (АНЦА), в качестве индукционной и поддерживающей терапии применяют анти-В-клеточный препарат ритуксимаб (РТМ). Одной из проблем лечения РТМ пациентов с АНЦА-СВ является риск поздней отсроченной нейтропении (ПОН), механизмы развития которой до настоящего времени изучены недостаточно.Цель исследования – оценить частоту и исходы ПОН у пациентов с АНЦА-СВ, получающих лечение РТМ. Пациенты и методы. Был поведен ретроспективный анализ регистра 140 пациентов с АНЦА-СВ, получавших терапию РТМ в ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой» с 2009 по 2021 г. Медиана продолжительности лечения РТМ составила 49 (6–121) мес, медиана суммарной дозы РТМ – 3,5 (0,5–9,5) г. Длительность наблюдения превышала 6 мес после 1-го введения РТМ.Результаты и обсуждение. ПОН выявлена у 16 (11,4%) больных, из них 6 страдали гранулематозом с полиангиитом Вегенера (ГПА), 4 – микроскопическим полиангиитом (МПА), 4 – эозинофильным гранулематозом с полиангиитом Черджа–Стросс (ЭГПА) и 2 – недифференцированным АНЦА-СВ. У 8 (50%) из 16 пациентов ПОН развилась в течение 2 мес после 1-го курса РТМ, у остальных 8 – в среднем через 10 (4–15,5) мес. Летальный исход отмечен в 5 (31,2%) из 16 случаев ПОН (1 – с МПА, 3 – с ГПА и 1 – с ЭГПА) в среднем через 2 (1,5–9) мес после 1-го курса РТМ, при этом у 4 пациентов ПОН осложнилась пневмонией, в том числе у 2 с септическим шоком, еще в 1 наблюдении ПОН сочеталась с развитием острого инфаркта миокарда и прогрессированием хронической почечной недостаточности. Общая летальность среди 140 пациентов с АНЦА-СВ, получавших терапию РТМ, составила 11,4%, при этом среди случаев с летальным исходом частота ПОН достигала 31,2%.Заключение. Таким образом, ПОН, индуцированная РТМ, является распространенным (11%) и клинически значимым следствием В-клеточной деплеции у пациентов с АНЦА-СВ, в каждом 5-м случае осложняется серьезными инфекциями (включая сепсис у 13%) и составляет значительную долю в структуре летальных исходов (31,2%).Пациенты, получающие лечение РТМ, требуют тщательного мониторинга абсолютного числа нейтрофилов как в первые месяцы после начала анти-В-клеточной терапии, так и в дальнейшем. При сочетанном назначении РТМ с цитостатиками (в первую очередь с циклофосфаном) у больных АНЦА-СВ необходимо учитывать риск развития ПОН, вторичного иммунодефицитного состояния, инфекционных осложнений. В период пандемии коронавирусной инфекции следует помнить, что лечение ингибиторами интерлейкина 6, применяемыми при COVID-19 тяжелого течения, также может сопровождаться нейтропенией и требует тщательного динамического контроля абсолютного числа нейтрофилов у пациентов с АНЦА-СВ, получавших РТМ. Необходимо информировать как пациентов, так и врачей о риске развития ПОН на фоне лечения РТМ при АНЦА-СВ и других ревматических заболеваниях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the last decade, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated systemic vasculitis (SV) has been treated with the anti-B-cell drug, rituximab (RTM) both for induction and maintenance therapy. One of the problems of the treatment with RTM in patients with ANCA-SV is the risk of late-onset neutropenia (LON), mechanisms of development of which have not been studied enough yet.Objective: to evaluate the incidence and outcomes of LON in patients with ANCA-SV treated with RTM.</p><p> Patients and methods. A retrospective analysis of the register of 140 patients with ANCA-SV who received RTM treatment at the V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology from 2009 to 2021 years. The median duration of RTM treatment was 49 (6–121) months, the median of the total RTM dose was 3.5 (0.5–9.5) grams. The duration of follow-up exceeded 6 months after the first administration of RTM.Results and discussion. LON was detected in 16 (11.4%) patients, of which 6 suffered from Wegener's granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), 4 – microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), 4 – Churg-Strauss eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) and 2 – undifferentiated ANCA-SV. In 8 (50%) out of 16 patients, LON developed within 2 months after the 1st course of RTM, in the remaining 8 patients, on average, after 10 (4– 15.5) months. A lethal outcome was documented in 5 (31.2%) of 16 cases of LON (1 with MPA, 3 with GPA, and 1 with EGPA) on average 2 (1.5–9) months after the 1st course of RTM, at the same time, in 4 patients LON was complicated by pneumonia, including 2 with septic shock, in another 1 case LON was combined with the development of acute myocardial infarction and progression of chronic renal failure. Overall mortality among 140 patients with ANCA-SV treated with RTM was 11.4%, while in cases with a fatal outcome, the frequency of LON reached 31.2%.Conclusion. Thus, LON induced by RTM is a common (11%) and clinically significant consequence of B-cell depletion in patients with ANCA-SV, in every 5th case it is complicated by serious infections (including sepsis in 13%) and accounts for a significant proportion in the structure of lethal outcomes (31.2%).Patients treated with RTM require careful monitoring of absolute neutrophil count both during the first months after initiation of anti-B-cell therapy and thereafter. In the combined administration of RTM with cytotoxic drugs (primarily cyclophosphamide) in patients with ANCA-SV, it is necessary to consider the risk of LON developing, secondary immunodeficiency, and infectious complications. During the coronavirus pandemic, one should remember that treatment with interleukin 6 inhibitors used in severe COVID-19 can also be accompanied by neutropenia and requires careful dynamic monitoring of the absolute number of neutrophils in patients with ANCA-SV treated with RTM. It is necessary to inform both patients and physicians of the risk of LON development during the treatment of RTM in ANCA-SV and other rheumatic diseases.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>нейтропения</kwd><kwd>ритуксимаб</kwd><kwd>В-клетки</kwd><kwd>антинейтрофильные цитоплазматические антитела</kwd><kwd>васкулит</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neutropenia</kwd><kwd>rituximab</kwd><kwd>B cells</kwd><kwd>antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies</kwd><kwd>vasculitis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yates M, Watts RA, Bajema IM, et al. EULAR/ERA-EDTA recommendations for the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016 Sep;75(9):1583-94. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209133. Epub 2016 Jun 23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yates M, Watts RA, Bajema IM, et al. 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