mrjСовременная ревматологияModern Rheumatology Journal1996-70122310-158XIMA-PRESS, LLC10.14412/1996-7012-2023-1-7-15mrj-1382Research ArticleЛЕКЦИИLECTURESДифференциальная диагностика локальной формы гранулематоза с полиангиитом: поражение полости носа и придаточных пазух носа (часть 1)Differential diagnosis of a local form of granulomatosis with polyangiitis: nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses lesions (part 1)https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4846-5531ЕгороваО. Н.EgorovaO. N.

 Ольга Николаевна Егорова

 Россия, 115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А 

 Olga Nikolaevna Egorova 

 34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522, Russia 

onegorova@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8864-7623ХарламоваЕ. Н.KharlamovaE. N.

 Россия, 115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А 

 34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522, Russia 

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9933-5350ТарасоваГ. М.TarasovaG. M.

 Россия, 115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А 

 34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522, Russia 

ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»РоссияV.A. Nasonova Research Institute of RheumatologyRussian Federation202315022023171715Copyright © Егорова О.Н., Харламова Е.Н., Тарасова Г.М., 20232023Егорова О.Н., Харламова Е.Н., Тарасова Г.М.Egorova O.N., Kharlamova E.N., Tarasova G.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/1382

Гранулематоз с полиангиитом (ГПА) – первичный васкулит, ассоциированный с антинейтрофильными цитоплазматическими антителами, характеризующийся некротизирующим васкулитом с преимущественным вовлечением мелких сосудов различной локализации и некротизирующим гранулематозным воспалением с многогранными клиническими проявлениями. ГПА остается одним из самых тяжелых и прогностически неблагоприятных системных васкулитов. При анализе течения болезни выделяют локальный (с поражением верхних дыхательных путей – ВДП, – органа зрения и слуха) и генерализованный (с поражением ВДН, органа зрения и слуха в сочетании с вовлечением легких и/или почек, а также желудочно-кишечного тракта, нервной системы, кожи) варианты ГПА.В статье обсуждается дифференциальная диагностика дебюта заболевания с поражения полости носа и придаточных пазух носа, которая требует междисциплинарного подхода и взаимодействия врачей разных специальностей.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a primary vasculitis associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, characterized by necrotizing vasculitis with predominant involvement of small vessels of various localizations and necrotizing granulomatous inflammation with multiple clinical manifestations. GPA remains one of the most severe systemic vasculitis with unfavorable prognosis. When analyzing the course of the disease, there are two variants of GPA, local (with lesions of the upper respiratory tract, URT, organs of vision and hearing) and generalized (with lesions of the URT, organs of vision and hearing in combination with the lungs and/or kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, nervous systems, skin involvement).The article discusses the differential diagnosis of the disease with the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses lesions onset, which requires an interdisciplinary approach and interaction of doctors of different specialties.

гранулематоз с полиангиитомлокальная формаNK-T-клеточная лимфомаIgG4-связанные заболеваниясаркоидозинфекциикокаинgranulomatosis with polyangiitislocal formNK-T cell lymphomaIgG4-related diseasessarcoidosisinfectionscocaineСтатья подготовлена в рамках научно-исследовательской работы №/№ государственных заданий 1021051402790-6.The article was prepared as part of the research work №/№ of state assignments 1021051402790-6.ReferencesRichard AW, Gulen H, Jane CB, et al. Global epidemiology of vasculitis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2022 Jan;18(1):22-34. doi: 10.1038/s41584-021-00718-8. Epub 2021 Dec 1.Richard AW, Gulen H, Jane CB, et al. Global epidemiology of vasculitis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2022 Jan;18(1):22-34. doi: 10.1038/s41584-021-00718-8. Epub 2021 Dec 1.Бекетова ТВ. Гранулематоз с полиангиитом, патогенетически связанный с антинейтрофильными цитоплазматическими антителами: особенности клинического течения. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2012;50(6):19-28.Beketova TV. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis pathogenetically associated with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies: features of the clinical course. Nauchno-prakticheskaya revmatologiya. 2012;50(6):19-28. (In Russ.).Robson JC, Grayson PC, Ponte C, et al. 2022 American college of rheumatology/European alliance of associations for rheumatology classification criteria for granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2022 Mar;81(3):315-20. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221795. Epub 2022 Feb 2.Robson JC, Grayson PC, Ponte C, et al. 2022 American college of rheumatology/European alliance of associations for rheumatology classification criteria for granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2022 Mar;81(3):315-20. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221795. Epub 2022 Feb 2.Grayson PC, Ponte C, Suppiah R, et al. DCVAS Study Group2022 American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2022 Mar; 81(3):309-14. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221794. Epub 2022 Feb 2.Grayson PC, Ponte C, Suppiah R, et al. DCVAS Study Group2022 American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2022 Mar; 81(3):309-14. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221794. Epub 2022 Feb 2.Iudici M, Pagnoux C, Courvoisier DS, et al; French Vasculitis Study Group. Localized versus systemic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: data from the French Vasculitis Study Group Registry. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2022 May 30;61(6):2464-71. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab719.Iudici M, Pagnoux C, Courvoisier DS, et al; French Vasculitis Study Group. Localized versus systemic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: data from the French Vasculitis Study Group Registry. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2022 May 30;61(6):2464-71. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab719.Comarmond C, Cacoub P. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener): clinical aspects and treatment. Autoimmun Rev. 2014 Nov;13(11):1121-5. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.08.017. Epub 2014 Aug 20.Comarmond C, Cacoub P. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener): clinical aspects and treatment. Autoimmun Rev. 2014 Nov;13(11):1121-5. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.08.017. Epub 2014 Aug 20.Pagnoux C, Stubbe M, Lifermann F, et al. Wegener's granulomatosis strictly and persistently localized to one organ is rare: assessment of 16 patients from the French Vasculitis Study Group database. J Rheumatol. 2011 Mar;38(3):475-8. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.100518. Epub 2010 Dec 1.Pagnoux C, Stubbe M, Lifermann F, et al. Wegener's granulomatosis strictly and persistently localized to one organ is rare: assessment of 16 patients from the French Vasculitis Study Group database. J Rheumatol. 2011 Mar;38(3):475-8. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.100518. Epub 2010 Dec 1.Holle JU, Gross WL, Holl-Ulrich K, et al. Prospective long-term follow-up of patients with localised Wegener's granulomatosis: does it occur as persistent disease stage? Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 Nov;69(11):1934-9. doi: 10.1136/ard.2010.130203. Epub 2010 May 28.Holle JU, Gross WL, Holl-Ulrich K, et al. Prospective long-term follow-up of patients with localised Wegener's granulomatosis: does it occur as persistent disease stage? Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 Nov;69(11):1934-9. doi: 10.1136/ard.2010.130203. Epub 2010 May 28.Stone JH. Limited versus severe Wegener’s granulomatosis: baseline data on patients in the Wegener’s granulomatosis etanercept trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Aug;48(8):2299-309. doi: 10.1002/art.11075.Stone JH. Limited versus severe Wegener’s granulomatosis: baseline data on patients in the Wegener’s granulomatosis etanercept trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Aug;48(8):2299-309. doi: 10.1002/art.11075.Hellmich B, Flossmann O, Gross WL, et al. EULAR recommendations for conducting clinical studies and/or clinical trials in systemic vasculitis: focus on anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007 May;66(5):605-17. doi: 10.1136/ard.2006.062711. Epub 2006 Dec 14.Hellmich B, Flossmann O, Gross WL, et al. EULAR recommendations for conducting clinical studies and/or clinical trials in systemic vasculitis: focus on anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007 May;66(5):605-17. doi: 10.1136/ard.2006.062711. Epub 2006 Dec 14.Куприянова ИН, Орлова ОЛ, Флягина ВИ. Рецидив гранулематоза с полиангиитом после отмены иммуносупрессивной терапии, осложненный стойкой утратой зрения. Русский медицинский журнал. 2018;4(I):35-40.Kupriyanova IN, Orlova OL, Flyagina VI. Relapse of granulomatosis with polyangiitis after discontinuation of immunosuppressive therapy, complicated by persistent loss of vision. Russkii meditsinskii zhurnal. 2018;4(I): 35-40. (In Russ.).Anderson G, Coles ET, Crane M, et al. Wegener’s granuloma. A series of 265 British cases seen between 1975 and 1985. A report by a sub-committee of the British Thoracic Society Research Committee. Q J Med. 1992 Jun;83(302):427-38.Anderson G, Coles ET, Crane M, et al. Wegener’s granuloma. A series of 265 British cases seen between 1975 and 1985. A report by a sub-committee of the British Thoracic Society Research Committee. Q J Med. 1992 Jun;83(302):427-38.Reinhold-Keller E, Beuge N, Latza U, et al. An interdisciplinary approach to the care of patients with Wegener’s granulomatosis: long-term outcome in 155 patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2000 May;43(5):1021-32. doi: 10.1002/1529-0131(200005)43:5<1021::AID-ANR10>3.0.CO;2-J.Reinhold-Keller E, Beuge N, Latza U, et al. An interdisciplinary approach to the care of patients with Wegener’s granulomatosis: long-term outcome in 155 patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2000 May;43(5):1021-32. doi: 10.1002/1529-0131(200005)43:5<1021::AID-ANR10>3.0.CO;2-J.Puechal X, Iudici M, Pagnoux C, et al. French Vasculitis Study Group. Comparative study of granulomatosis with polyangiitis subsets according to ANCA status: data from the French Vasculitis Study Group Registry. RMD Open. 2022 Mar;8(1):e002160. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2021-002160.Puechal X, Iudici M, Pagnoux C, et al. French Vasculitis Study Group. Comparative study of granulomatosis with polyangiitis subsets according to ANCA status: data from the French Vasculitis Study Group Registry. RMD Open. 2022 Mar;8(1):e002160. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2021-002160.Witko-Sarsat V, Daniel S, Noёl L, Mouthon L. Neutrophils and B lymphocytes in ANCA associated vasculitis. APMIS Suppl. 2009 Jun;(127):27-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2009.02473.x.Witko-Sarsat V, Daniel S, Noёl L, Mouthon L. Neutrophils and B lymphocytes in ANCA associated vasculitis. APMIS Suppl. 2009 Jun;(127):27-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2009.02473.x.Preston G, Yang J, Xiao H, Falk R. Understanding the pathogenesis of ANCA: Where are we today? Cleve Clin J Med. 2002; 69 Suppl 2:SII51-4. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.69.suppl_2.sii51.Preston G, Yang J, Xiao H, Falk R. Understanding the pathogenesis of ANCA: Where are we today? Cleve Clin J Med. 2002; 69 Suppl 2:SII51-4. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.69.suppl_2.sii51.Nakazawa D, Masuda S, Tomaru U, Ishizu A. Pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions for ANCA-associated vasculitis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2019 Feb;15(2):91-101. doi: 10.1038/s41584-018-0145-y.Nakazawa D, Masuda S, Tomaru U, Ishizu A. Pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions for ANCA-associated vasculitis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2019 Feb;15(2):91-101. doi: 10.1038/s41584-018-0145-y.Csernok E, Gross WL. Current understanding of the pathogenesis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s). Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2013 Jul;9(7):641-8. doi: 10.1586/1744666X.2013.811052.Csernok E, Gross WL. Current understanding of the pathogenesis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s). Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2013 Jul;9(7):641-8. doi: 10.1586/1744666X.2013.811052.Hua F, Wilde B, Dolff S, Witzke O. T-lymphocytes and disease mechanisms in Wegener's granulomatosis. Kidney Blood Press Res 2009; 32: 389–98.Hua F, Wilde B, Dolff S, Witzke O. T-lymphocytes and disease mechanisms in Wegener's granulomatosis. Kidney Blood Press Res 2009; 32: 389–98.Lamprecht P., Holle J., Gross W. Update on clinical, pathophysiological and therapeutic aspects in ANCA associated vasculitides. Curr Drug Discov Technol. 2009 Dec;6(4): 241-51. doi: 10.2174/157016309789868994.Lamprecht P., Holle J., Gross W. Update on clinical, pathophysiological and therapeutic aspects in ANCA associated vasculitides. Curr Drug Discov Technol. 2009 Dec;6(4): 241-51. doi: 10.2174/157016309789868994.Лопатина ИА, Моисеев СВ, Новиков ПИ и др. Цитокиновый профиль у пациентов с гранулематозом с полиангиитом. Клиническая фармакология и терапия. 2017;(2):6-11.Lopatina IA, Moiseev SV, Novikov PI, et al. Cytokine profile in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Klinicheskaya farmakologiya i terapiya. 2017;(2):6-11. (In Russ.).Lutalo PM, D'Cruz DP. Diagnosis and classification of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (aka Wegener's granulomatosis). J Autoimmun. 2014 Feb-Mar;48-49:94-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.028. Epub 2014 Jan 29.Lutalo PM, D'Cruz DP. Diagnosis and classification of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (aka Wegener's granulomatosis). J Autoimmun. 2014 Feb-Mar;48-49:94-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.01.028. Epub 2014 Jan 29.Holl-Ulrich K, Reinhold-Keller E, Müller A, Feller A. Pathology of vasculitis: differential diagnosis and selected disorders. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol. 2002;86:83-90.Holl-Ulrich K, Reinhold-Keller E, Müller A, Feller A. Pathology of vasculitis: differential diagnosis and selected disorders. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol. 2002;86:83-90.Devaney KO, Travis WD, Hoffman G, et al. Interpretation of head and neck biopsies in Wegener’s granulomatosis. A pathologic study of 126 biopsies in 70 patients. Am J Surg Pathol. 1990 Jun;14(6):555-64. doi: 10.1097/00000478-199006000-00006.Devaney KO, Travis WD, Hoffman G, et al. Interpretation of head and neck biopsies in Wegener’s granulomatosis. A pathologic study of 126 biopsies in 70 patients. Am J Surg Pathol. 1990 Jun;14(6):555-64. doi: 10.1097/00000478-199006000-00006.Maguchi S, Fukuda S, Takizawa M. Histological findings in biopsies from patients with cytoplasmic-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (cANCA)-positive Wegener's granulomatosis. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2001 May;28 Suppl:S53-8. doi: 10.1016/s0385-8146(01)00072-4.Maguchi S, Fukuda S, Takizawa M. Histological findings in biopsies from patients with cytoplasmic-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (cANCA)-positive Wegener's granulomatosis. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2001 May;28 Suppl:S53-8. doi: 10.1016/s0385-8146(01)00072-4.Tan LT, Davagnanam I, Isa H, et al. Clinical and imaging features predictive of orbital granulomatosis with polyangiitis and the risk of systemic involvement. Ophthalmology. 2014 Jun;121(6):1304-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.12.003. Epub 2014 Feb 20.Tan LT, Davagnanam I, Isa H, et al. Clinical and imaging features predictive of orbital granulomatosis with polyangiitis and the risk of systemic involvement. Ophthalmology. 2014 Jun;121(6):1304-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.12.003. Epub 2014 Feb 20.Ismailova DS, Abramova JV, Novikov PI, Grusha YO. Clinical features of different orbital manifestations of granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2018 Sep;256(9):1751-6. doi: 10.1007/s00417-018-4014-9. Epub 2018 May 30.Ismailova DS, Abramova JV, Novikov PI, Grusha YO. Clinical features of different orbital manifestations of granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2018 Sep;256(9):1751-6. doi: 10.1007/s00417-018-4014-9. Epub 2018 May 30.Васильев ВИ, Сокол ЕВ, Седышев СХ и др. Дифференциальная диагностика ревматических и онко-гематологических заболеваний, поражающих полость и придаточные пазухи носа. Терапевтический архив. 2014;86(5):62-72.Vasil'ev VI, Sokol EV, Sedyshev SKh, et al. Differential diagnosis of rheumatic and oncohematological diseases affecting the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Terapevticheskii arkhiv. 2014;86(5):62-72. (In Russ.).Rodrigo JP, Suarez C, Rinaldo A, et al. Idiopathic midline destructive disease: fact or fiction. Oral Oncol. 2005 Apr;41(4):340-8. doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2004.10.007.Rodrigo JP, Suarez C, Rinaldo A, et al. Idiopathic midline destructive disease: fact or fiction. Oral Oncol. 2005 Apr;41(4):340-8. doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2004.10.007.Parker NP, Pearlman AN, Conley DB, et al. The dilemma of midline destructive lesions: a case series and diagnostic review. Am J Otolaryngol. 2010 Mar-Apr;31(2):104-9. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2008.11.010. Epub 2009 Mar 27.Parker NP, Pearlman AN, Conley DB, et al. The dilemma of midline destructive lesions: a case series and diagnostic review. Am J Otolaryngol. 2010 Mar-Apr;31(2):104-9. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2008.11.010. Epub 2009 Mar 27.Васильев ВИ, Седышев СХ, Городецкий ВР и др. Дифференциальная диагностика гранулематоза Вегенера с экстранодальной NK/T-клеточной лимфомой на зального типа. Терапевтический архив 2012;(7):76-81.Vasil'ev VI, Sedyshev SKh, Gorodetskii VR, et al. Differential diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis with extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma of nasal type. Terapevticheskii arkhiv. 2012;(7):7-81. (In Russ.).Tigges G, Delank KW, Blasius S, Stoll W. Nasal T-cell lymphoma as a differential diagnosis of the midline granuloma syndrome. Laryngorhinootologie. 1999 Mar;78(3):139-43. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-996846.Tigges G, Delank KW, Blasius S, Stoll W. Nasal T-cell lymphoma as a differential diagnosis of the midline granuloma syndrome. Laryngorhinootologie. 1999 Mar;78(3):139-43. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-996846.Rosignoli M, Pezzuto RW, Galli J, D'Alatri L. Midline granuloma and Wegener's granulomatosis. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 1992;12 Suppl 38:1-46.Rosignoli M, Pezzuto RW, Galli J, D'Alatri L. Midline granuloma and Wegener's granulomatosis. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 1992;12 Suppl 38:1-46.Chan JK, Jaffe ES, Ralfkiaer E, Ko YH. Aggressive NK-cell leukemia. In: Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, et al, editors. WHO Classification of Tumors of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. 4th ed. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC); 2008. P. 276—7.Chan JK, Jaffe ES, Ralfkiaer E, Ko YH. Aggressive NK-cell leukemia. In: Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, et al, editors. WHO Classification of Tumors of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. 4th ed. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC); 2008. P. 276—7.Andreou A, Thermos G, SklavounouAndrikopoulou A. Extranodal NK/T Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type with Palatal Involvement: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review. Head Neck Pathol. 2021 Jun;15(2): 621-627. doi: 10.1007/s12105-020-01182-8. Epub 2020 Jun 25.Andreou A, Thermos G, SklavounouAndrikopoulou A. Extranodal NK/T Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type with Palatal Involvement: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review. Head Neck Pathol. 2021 Jun;15(2): 621-627. doi: 10.1007/s12105-020-01182-8. Epub 2020 Jun 25.Hue SSS, Oon ML, Wang S, et al. Epstein-Barr virus-associated T- and NK-cell lymphoproliferative diseases: an update and diagnostic approach. Pathology. 2020 Jan; 52(1):111-27. doi: 10.1016/j.pathol.2019.09.011. Epub 2019 Nov 22.Hue SSS, Oon ML, Wang S, et al. Epstein-Barr virus-associated T- and NK-cell lymphoproliferative diseases: an update and diagnostic approach. Pathology. 2020 Jan; 52(1):111-27. doi: 10.1016/j.pathol.2019.09.011. Epub 2019 Nov 22.Strouse J, Chang HB, Dimachkie MD, et al. Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma as a rare mimicker of GPA. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2022 Mar;74(3):474. doi: 10.1002/art.41956. Epub 2022 Jan 12.Strouse J, Chang HB, Dimachkie MD, et al. Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma as a rare mimicker of GPA. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2022 Mar;74(3):474. doi: 10.1002/art.41956. Epub 2022 Jan 12.Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Pileri SA, et al. The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms. Blood. 2016 May 19;127(20):2375-90. doi: 10.1182/blood-2016-01-643569. Epub 2016 Mar 15.Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Pileri SA, et al. The 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms. Blood. 2016 May 19;127(20):2375-90. doi: 10.1182/blood-2016-01-643569. Epub 2016 Mar 15.Park S, Ko YH. Epstein–Barr virus-associated T/natural killer-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. J Dermatol. 2014 Jan;41(1): 29-39. doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.12322.Park S, Ko YH. Epstein–Barr virus-associated T/natural killer-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. J Dermatol. 2014 Jan;41(1): 29-39. doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.12322.Ratech H, Burke JS, Blayney DW, et al. A clinicopathologic study of malignant lymphomas of the nose, paranasal sinuses, and hard palate, including cases of lethal midline granuloma. Cancer. 1989 Dec 15;64(12):2525-31. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19891215)64:12<2525::aid-cncr2820641220>3.0.co;2-3.Ratech H, Burke JS, Blayney DW, et al. A clinicopathologic study of malignant lymphomas of the nose, paranasal sinuses, and hard palate, including cases of lethal midline granuloma. Cancer. 1989 Dec 15;64(12):2525-31. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19891215)64:12<2525::aid-cncr2820641220>3.0.co;2-3.Harabuchi Y, Takahara M, Kishibe K, et al. Extranodal natural Killer/T-Cell lymphoma, nasal type: basic science and clinical progress. Front Pediatr. 2019 Apr 16;7:141. doi: 10.3389/fped.2019.00141. eCollection 2019.Harabuchi Y, Takahara M, Kishibe K, et al. Extranodal natural Killer/T-Cell lymphoma, nasal type: basic science and clinical progress. Front Pediatr. 2019 Apr 16;7:141. doi: 10.3389/fped.2019.00141. eCollection 2019.Tamoto Y, Ishida R, Shiogama K, et al. Extranodal NK/T-cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type Accompanied by PR3-ANCA-associated Glomerulonephritis. Intern Med. 2017;56(15):2007-2012. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.56.8365. Epub 2017 Aug 1.Tamoto Y, Ishida R, Shiogama K, et al. Extranodal NK/T-cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type Accompanied by PR3-ANCA-associated Glomerulonephritis. Intern Med. 2017;56(15):2007-2012. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.56.8365. Epub 2017 Aug 1.Wallace ZS, Naden RP, Chari S, et al; American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism IgG4-Related Disease Classification Criteria Working Group. The 2019 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism Classification Criteria for IgG4-Related Disease. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2020 Jan;72(1): 7-19. doi: 10.1002/art.41120. Epub 2019 Dec 2.Wallace ZS, Naden RP, Chari S, et al; American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism IgG4-Related Disease Classification Criteria Working Group. The 2019 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism Classification Criteria for IgG4-Related Disease. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2020 Jan;72(1): 7-19. doi: 10.1002/art.41120. Epub 2019 Dec 2.Michailidou D, Schwartz DM, Mustelin T, Hughes GC. Allergic Aspects of IgG4-Related Disease: Implications for Pathogenesis and Therapy. Front Immunol. 2021 Jul 7;12: 693192. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.693192. eCollection 2021.Michailidou D, Schwartz DM, Mustelin T, Hughes GC. Allergic Aspects of IgG4-Related Disease: Implications for Pathogenesis and Therapy. Front Immunol. 2021 Jul 7;12: 693192. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.693192. eCollection 2021.Abbass K, Krug H. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis in a patient with biopsy-proven IgG4-related pulmonary disease and coincident small cell lung cancer. BMJ Case Rep. 2019 Mar 14;12(3):e226280. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2018-226280.Abbass K, Krug H. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis in a patient with biopsy-proven IgG4-related pulmonary disease and coincident small cell lung cancer. BMJ Case Rep. 2019 Mar 14;12(3):e226280. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2018-226280.Della-Torre E, Lanzillotta M, Campochiaro C, et al. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positivity in IgG4-related disease: A case report and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Aug;95(34):e4633. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000004633.Della-Torre E, Lanzillotta M, Campochiaro C, et al. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positivity in IgG4-related disease: A case report and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Aug;95(34):e4633. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000004633.Martin-Nares E, Hernandez-Molina G. What is the meaning of ANCA positivity in IgG4-related disease? Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021 Aug 2;60(8):3845-50. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab124.Martin-Nares E, Hernandez-Molina G. What is the meaning of ANCA positivity in IgG4-related disease? Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021 Aug 2;60(8):3845-50. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab124.Cruz AAV, Camacho MAB, Cunha BS, et al. Plasma cell IgG4 positivity in orbital biopsies of non-IgG4-related conditions. Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2021 Nov 17;35(3):193-7. doi: 10.4103/SJOPT.SJOPT_91_21. eCollection 2021 Jul-Sep.Cruz AAV, Camacho MAB, Cunha BS, et al. Plasma cell IgG4 positivity in orbital biopsies of non-IgG4-related conditions. Saudi J Ophthalmol. 2021 Nov 17;35(3):193-7. doi: 10.4103/SJOPT.SJOPT_91_21. eCollection 2021 Jul-Sep.Chang SY, Keogh KA, Lewis JE, et al. IgG4-positive plasma cells in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s): a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study on 43 granulomatosis with polyangiitis and 20 control cases. Hum Pathol. 2013 Nov;44(11): 2432-7. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.05.023. Epub 2013 Aug 30.Chang SY, Keogh KA, Lewis JE, et al. IgG4-positive plasma cells in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener’s): a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study on 43 granulomatosis with polyangiitis and 20 control cases. Hum Pathol. 2013 Nov;44(11): 2432-7. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2013.05.023. Epub 2013 Aug 30.Kawashima H, Utsugi A, Shibamiya A, et al. Consideration concerning similarities and differences between ANCA-associated vasculitis and IgG-4-related diseases: case series and review of literature. Immunol Res. 2019 Feb;67(1):99-107. doi: 10.1007/s12026-019-9070-7.Kawashima H, Utsugi A, Shibamiya A, et al. Consideration concerning similarities and differences between ANCA-associated vasculitis and IgG-4-related diseases: case series and review of literature. Immunol Res. 2019 Feb;67(1):99-107. doi: 10.1007/s12026-019-9070-7.Faz-Munoz D, Hinojosa-Azaola A, Mejia-Vilet JM, et al. ANCA-associated vasculitis and IgG4-related disease overlap syndrome: a case report and literature review. Immunol Res. 2022 Aug;70(4):550-9. doi: 10.1007/s12026-022-09279-8. Epub 2022 Apr 21.Faz-Munoz D, Hinojosa-Azaola A, Mejia-Vilet JM, et al. ANCA-associated vasculitis and IgG4-related disease overlap syndrome: a case report and literature review. Immunol Res. 2022 Aug;70(4):550-9. doi: 10.1007/s12026-022-09279-8. Epub 2022 Apr 21.Salah S, Abad S, Monnet D, Brezin AP. Sarcoidosis. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2018 Dec;41(10): e451-e467. doi: 10.1016/j.jfo.2018.10.002. Epub 2018 Nov 16.Salah S, Abad S, Monnet D, Brezin AP. Sarcoidosis. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2018 Dec;41(10): e451-e467. doi: 10.1016/j.jfo.2018.10.002. Epub 2018 Nov 16.Lynch JP 3rd. Neurosarcoidosis: how good are the diagnostic tests? J Neuroophthalmol. 2003 Sep;23(3):187-9. doi: 10.1097/00041327-200309000-00001.Lynch JP 3rd. Neurosarcoidosis: how good are the diagnostic tests? J Neuroophthalmol. 2003 Sep;23(3):187-9. doi: 10.1097/00041327-200309000-00001.White ES, Lynch JP 3rd. Sarcoidosis involving multiple systems: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Chest. 2001 May;119(5): 1593-7. doi: 10.1378/chest.119.5.1593.White ES, Lynch JP 3rd. Sarcoidosis involving multiple systems: diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Chest. 2001 May;119(5): 1593-7. doi: 10.1378/chest.119.5.1593.Newman LS, Rose CS, Maier LA. Sarcoidosis. N Engl J Med. 1997 Apr 24;336(17): 1224-34. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199704243361706.Newman LS, Rose CS, Maier LA. Sarcoidosis. N Engl J Med. 1997 Apr 24;336(17): 1224-34. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199704243361706.Thomas KW, Hunninghake GW. Sarcoidosis. JAMA. 2003 Jun 25;289(24):3300-3. doi: 10.1001/jama.289.24.3300.Thomas KW, Hunninghake GW. Sarcoidosis. JAMA. 2003 Jun 25;289(24):3300-3. doi: 10.1001/jama.289.24.3300.Hu X, Zou L, Wang S, et al. Performance of Serum Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme in Diagnosing Sarcoidosis and Predicting the Active Status of Sarcoidosis: A Meta-Analysis. Biomolecules. 2022 Sep 30;12(10):1400. doi: 10.3390/biom12101400.Hu X, Zou L, Wang S, et al. Performance of Serum Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme in Diagnosing Sarcoidosis and Predicting the Active Status of Sarcoidosis: A Meta-Analysis. Biomolecules. 2022 Sep 30;12(10):1400. doi: 10.3390/biom12101400.Pagano L, Ricci P, Tonso A, et al. Mucormycosis in patients with haematological malignancies: a retrospective clinical study of 37 cases. Br J Haematol. 1997 Nov;99(2):331-6. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1997.3983214.x.Pagano L, Ricci P, Tonso A, et al. Mucormycosis in patients with haematological malignancies: a retrospective clinical study of 37 cases. Br J Haematol. 1997 Nov;99(2):331-6. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1997.3983214.x.Cansu DÜ, Özbülbül NI, Akyol G, et al. Do pulmonary findings of granulomatosis with polyangiitis respond to anti-tuberculosis treatment? Rheumatol Int. 2018 Jun;38(6): 1131-1138. doi: 10.1007/s00296-018-4027-z. Epub 2018 Apr 9.Cansu DÜ, Özbülbül NI, Akyol G, et al. Do pulmonary findings of granulomatosis with polyangiitis respond to anti-tuberculosis treatment? Rheumatol Int. 2018 Jun;38(6): 1131-1138. doi: 10.1007/s00296-018-4027-z. Epub 2018 Apr 9.Gunawan H, Lamsu G, Achdiat PA, et al. A rare case of multiple lupus vulgaris in a multifocal tuberculosis pediatric patient. Int J Mycobacteriol. 2019 Apr-Jun;8(2):205-7. doi: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_33_19.Gunawan H, Lamsu G, Achdiat PA, et al. A rare case of multiple lupus vulgaris in a multifocal tuberculosis pediatric patient. Int J Mycobacteriol. 2019 Apr-Jun;8(2):205-7. doi: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_33_19.De Pontual L, Ovetchkine PH, Rodriguez D, et al. Rhinoscleroma: a French national retrospective study of epidemiological and clinical features. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Dec 1; 47(11):1396-402. doi: 10.1086/592966.De Pontual L, Ovetchkine PH, Rodriguez D, et al. Rhinoscleroma: a French national retrospective study of epidemiological and clinical features. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Dec 1; 47(11):1396-402. doi: 10.1086/592966.Ahmed AR, El-Badawy ZH, Mohamed IR, Abdelhameed WA. Rhinoscleroma: a detailed histopathological diagnostic insight. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015 Jul 1;8(7):8438-45. eCollection 2015.Ahmed AR, El-Badawy ZH, Mohamed IR, Abdelhameed WA. Rhinoscleroma: a detailed histopathological diagnostic insight. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015 Jul 1;8(7):8438-45. eCollection 2015.Cornely OA, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Arenz D, et al; Mucormycosis ECMM MSG Global Guideline Writing Group. Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of mucormycosis: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019 Dec;19(12):e405-e421. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30312-3. Epub 2019 Nov 5.Cornely OA, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Arenz D, et al; Mucormycosis ECMM MSG Global Guideline Writing Group. Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of mucormycosis: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019 Dec;19(12):e405-e421. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30312-3. Epub 2019 Nov 5.Montone KT. Infectious diseases of the head and neck: a review. Am J Clin Pathol. 2007 Jul;128(1):35-67. doi: 10.1309/6BBT12WGNK77N4EH.Montone KT. Infectious diseases of the head and neck: a review. Am J Clin Pathol. 2007 Jul;128(1):35-67. doi: 10.1309/6BBT12WGNK77N4EH.Chamilos G, Lewis RE, Kontoyiannis DP. Delaying amphotericin B-based frontline therapy significantly increases mortality among patients with hematologic malignancy who have zygomycosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Aug 15; 47(4):503-9. doi: 10.1086/590004.Chamilos G, Lewis RE, Kontoyiannis DP. Delaying amphotericin B-based frontline therapy significantly increases mortality among patients with hematologic malignancy who have zygomycosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Aug 15; 47(4):503-9. doi: 10.1086/590004.Vinay K, Khullar G, Yadav S, et al. Granulomatous Invasive Aspergillosis of Paranasal Sinuses Masquerading as Actinomycosis and Review of Published Literature. Mycopathologia. 2014 Apr;177(3-4):179-85. doi: 10.1007/s11046-014-9732-x. Epub 2014 Feb 26.Vinay K, Khullar G, Yadav S, et al. Granulomatous Invasive Aspergillosis of Paranasal Sinuses Masquerading as Actinomycosis and Review of Published Literature. Mycopathologia. 2014 Apr;177(3-4):179-85. doi: 10.1007/s11046-014-9732-x. Epub 2014 Feb 26.Lehur AC, Zielinski M, Pluvy J, et al. Case of disseminated histoplasmosis in a HIV-infected patient revealed by nasal involvement with maxillary osteolysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2017 May 5;17(1):328. doi: 10.1186/s12879-017-2419-4.Lehur AC, Zielinski M, Pluvy J, et al. Case of disseminated histoplasmosis in a HIV-infected patient revealed by nasal involvement with maxillary osteolysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2017 May 5;17(1):328. doi: 10.1186/s12879-017-2419-4.Bakhshaee M, Khadivi E, Naseri Sadr M, Esmatinia F. Nasal septum perforation due to methamphetamine abuse. Iran J Otorhinolaryngol. 2013 Winter;25(70):53-6.Bakhshaee M, Khadivi E, Naseri Sadr M, Esmatinia F. Nasal septum perforation due to methamphetamine abuse. Iran J Otorhinolaryngol. 2013 Winter;25(70):53-6.Stahelin L, de Magalhгes Souza Fialho SC, Neves FS, et al. Cocaineinduced midline destruction lesions with positive ANCA test, mimicking Wegener’s granulomatosis. Rev Bras Reumatol. 2012 May-Jun;52(3):431-7.Stahelin L, de Magalhгes Souza Fialho SC, Neves FS, et al. Cocaineinduced midline destruction lesions with positive ANCA test, mimicking Wegener’s granulomatosis. Rev Bras Reumatol. 2012 May-Jun;52(3):431-7.Trimarchi M, Bertazzoni G, Bussi M. Cocaine induced midline destructive lesions. Rhinology. 2014 Jun;52(2):104-11. doi: 10.4193/Rhino13.112.Trimarchi M, Bertazzoni G, Bussi M. Cocaine induced midline destructive lesions. Rhinology. 2014 Jun;52(2):104-11. doi: 10.4193/Rhino13.112.Wiesner O, Russell KA, Lee AS, et al. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies reacting with human neutrophil elastase as a diagnostic marker for cocaine induced midline destructive lesions but not autoimmune vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Sep;50(9):2954-65. doi: 10.1002/art.20479.Wiesner O, Russell KA, Lee AS, et al. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies reacting with human neutrophil elastase as a diagnostic marker for cocaine induced midline destructive lesions but not autoimmune vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Sep;50(9):2954-65. doi: 10.1002/art.20479.Mirzaei A, Zabihiyeganeh M, Haqiqi A. Differentiation of Cocaine-Induced Midline Destructive Lesions from ANCA-Associated Vasculitis. Iran J Otorhinolaryngol. 2018 Sep; 30(100):309-13.Mirzaei A, Zabihiyeganeh M, Haqiqi A. Differentiation of Cocaine-Induced Midline Destructive Lesions from ANCA-Associated Vasculitis. Iran J Otorhinolaryngol. 2018 Sep; 30(100):309-13.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.