<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mrj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Rheumatology Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1996-7012</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-158X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1996-7012-2023-3-51-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mrj-1431</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проспективное сравнительное рандомизированное исследование эффективности и безопасности топических форм теноксикама и диклофенака у пациентов с остеоартритом коленных суставов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A prospective comparative randomized trial of the efficacy and safety of topical tenoxicam and diclofenac in knee osteoarthritis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8732-2720</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кашеварова</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashevarova</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8218-3223</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Таскина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Taskina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Таскина Елена Александровна,</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Taskina Elena Alexandrovna,</p><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">braell@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8130-5081</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стребкова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Strebkova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4242-8278</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарапова</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharapova</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8562-6077</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савушкина</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savushkina</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0394-9249</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Короткова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korotkova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7017-0898</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А;</p><p>кафедра ревматологии, 125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522;</p><p>Department of Rheumatology, 2/1, Barrikadnaya Street, Build. 1, Moscow 125993</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6068-3080</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лила</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lila</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А;</p><p>кафедра ревматологии, 125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522;</p><p>Department of Rheumatology, 2/1, Barrikadnaya Street, Build. 1, Moscow 125993</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»;&#13;
ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального&#13;
образования» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology;&#13;
Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>51</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кашеварова Н.Г., Таскина Е.А., Стребкова Е.А., Шарапова Е.П., Савушкина Н.М., Короткова Т.А., Алексеева Л.И., Лила А.М., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кашеварова Н.Г., Таскина Е.А., Стребкова Е.А., Шарапова Е.П., Савушкина Н.М., Короткова Т.А., Алексеева Л.И., Лила А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kashevarova N.G., Taskina E.A., Strebkova E.A., Sharapova E.P., Savushkina N.M., Korotkova T.A., Alekseeva L.I., Lila A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/1431">https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/1431</self-uri><abstract><p>Локальные формы нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов (НПВП) характеризуются высоким профилем безопасности благодаря низкой системной абсорбции. Они не увеличивают риск развития класс-специфических нежелательных явлений (НЯ) со стороны желудочно-кишечного тракта, сердечно-сосудистой системы и почек, что дает возможность назначать их даже при наличии выраженной коморбидной патологии, которая характерна для пациентов с остеоартритом (ОА).</p><p>Цель исследования – в проспективном сравнительном рандомизированном исследовании оценить эффективность и безопасность препарата Артоксан гель (теноксикам) 1% по сравнению с препаратом Диклофенак гель 1% у пациентов с ОА коленных суставов.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследование включено 60 пациентов с ОА коленных суставов II–III стадий по Kellgren–Lawrence в возрасте от 41 до 78 лет. Случайным образом пациенты были распределены в две группы: 1-я получала Артоксан гель 1% по 5 см 2 раза в день в течение 14 дней; 2-я – Диклофенак гель 1% по той же схеме. На фоне терапии оценивались боль по визуальной аналоговой шкале, индекс WOMAC, качество жизни по опроснику EQ-5D, удовлетворенность терапией и время наступления эффекта.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Было продемонстрировано, что локальные формы НПВП позитивно влияют на все клинические проявления ОА: эффективно уменьшают боль, скованность, улучшают функциональное состояние суставов и качество жизни. Они также обладают хорошим профилем безопасности и быстрым симптоматическим эффектом. Сравнение двух групп показало, что у пациентов, получавших локальную форму теноксикама, наблюдалась тенденция к более быстрому и выраженному развитию обезболивающего эффекта.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Результаты проведенного исследования подтверждают хорошую эффективность и безопасность локальных форм НПВП.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Local forms of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are characterized by a high safety profile due to low systemic absorption. They do not increase the risk of developing class-specific gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and kidney adverse events (AEs), which makes it possible to prescribe them even in severe comorbid pathology, which is typical for patients with osteoarthritis (OA).</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Artoxan gel (tenoxicam) 1% in comparison with Diclofenac gel 1% in patients with knee OA in a prospective comparative randomized trial.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included 60 patients with Kellgren–Lawrence stages II–III knee OA, aged 41 to 78 years. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: the 1st group received Artoxan gel 1%, 5 cm 2 times a day for 14 days; 2nd – Diclofenac gel 1% according to the same scheme. During therapy, we assessed pain using a visual analog scale, the WOMAC index, quality of life using the EQ-5D questionnaire, satisfaction with therapy, and time to effect.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. It has been demonstrated that local forms of NSAIDs have a positive effect on all clinical manifestations of OA: effectively reduce pain, stiffness, improve the functional state of the joints and quality of life. They also have a good safety profile and a fast symptomatic response. Comparison of the two groups showed that in patients receiving the local form of tenoxicam, there was a tendency to a more rapid and pronounced analgesic effect.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The results of the study confirm the good efficacy and safety of local forms of NSAIDs. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>остеоартрит</kwd><kwd>локальные формы нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов</kwd><kwd>теноксикам</kwd><kwd>Артоксан гель</kwd><kwd>эффективность</kwd><kwd>безопасность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>osteoarthritis</kwd><kwd>local forms of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs</kwd><kwd>tenoxicam</kwd><kwd>Artoxan gel</kwd><kwd>efficiency</kwd><kwd>safety</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network. Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) results. 2020. http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbdresults-tool</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network. Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019) results. 2020. http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbdresults-tool</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hunter DJ, March L, Chew M. Osteoarthritis in 2020 and beyond: a Lancet Commission. Lancet. 2020 Nov 28; 396 (10264):1711-2. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736 (20)32230-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hunter DJ, March L, Chew M. Osteoarthritis in 2020 and beyond: a Lancet Commission. Lancet. 2020 Nov 28; 396 (10264):1711-2. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736 (20)32230-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Балабанова РМ, Дубинина ТВ. Динамика пятилетней заболеваемости болезнями костно-мышечной системы и их распространенности среди взрослого населения России за 2013–2017 гг. Современная ревматология. 2019;13(4):11-7. doi:10.14412/1996-7012-2019-4-11-17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balabanova RM, Dubinina TV. Five-year (2013–2017) trends in the incidence and prevalence of musculoskeletal system diseases among the adult population of Russia. Sovremennaya revmatologiya = Modern Rheumatology Journal. 2019;13(4):11-7. (In Russ.). doi:10.14412/1996-7012-2019-4-11-17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Галушко ЕА, Большакова ТВ, Виноградова ИБ и др. Структура ревматических заболеваний среди взрослого населения России по данным эпидемиологического исследования (предварительные результаты). Научно-практическая ревматология. 2009;(1):11-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galushko EA, Bolshakova TV, Vinogradova IB, et al. Structure of rheumatic diseases among adult population of russia according to data of an epidemiological study (preliminary results). Nauchno-prakticheskaya revmatologiya. 2009;(1):11-7. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Constantino de Campos G, Mundi R, Whittington C, et al. Osteoarthritis, mobilityrelated comorbidities and mortality: An overview of meta-analyses. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2020 Dec 25;12:1759720X20981219. doi: 10.1177/1759720X20981219. eCollection 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Constantino de Campos G, Mundi R, Whittington C, et al. Osteoarthritis, mobilityrelated comorbidities and mortality: An overview of meta-analyses. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2020 Dec 25;12:1759720X20981219. doi: 10.1177/1759720X20981219. eCollection 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лила АМ, Алексеева ЛИ, Таскина ЕА. Современные подходы к терапии остеоартрита с учетом обновленных международных рекомендаций. Русский медицинский журнал. Медицинское обозрение. 2019;11-2:48-52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lila AM, Alekseeva LI, Taskina EA. Modern approaches to osteoarthritis therapy taking into account updated international guidelines. Russkiy meditsinskiy zhurnal. Meditsinskoe obozrenie. 2019;11-2: 48-52. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лила АМ, Ткачева ОН, Яхно НН и др. Комплексный подход к выбору терапии у пациентов с остеоартритом при первичном обращении к врачу. Консенсус экспертов (обзор литературы и резолюция). Современная ревматология. 2021; 15(3):111-6. doi: 10.14412/1996-7012-2021-3-111-116</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lila AM, Tkacheva ON, Yakhno NN, et al. Comprehensive approach to the choice of therapy in patients with osteoarthritis at the first visit to the doctor. Expert consensus (literature review and resolution). Sovremennaya revmatologiya = Modern Rheumatology Journal. 2021;15(3):111-6. (In Russ.). doi: 10.14412/1996-7012-2021-3-111-116</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лила АМ, Алексеева ЛИ, Таскина ЕА, Кашеварова НГ. Современный алгоритм лечения остеоартрита. Терапия. 2022; 8(2):65-76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lila AM, Alekseeva LI, Taskina EA, Kashevarova NG. Modern algorithm of osteoarthritis treatment. Terapiya. 2022;8(2):65-76. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leyland KM, Gates LS, Sanchez-Santos MT, et al. Knee osteoarthritis and time-to all-cause mortality in six community-based cohorts: an international meta-analysis of individual participant-level data. PCCOA Steering Committee. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2021 Mar;33(3):529-45. doi: 10.1007/s40520-020-01762-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leyland KM, Gates LS, Sanchez-Santos MT, et al. Knee osteoarthritis and time-to all-cause mortality in six community-based cohorts: an international meta-analysis of individual participant-level data. PCCOA Steering Committee. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2021 Mar;33(3):529-45. doi: 10.1007/s40520-020-01762-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Таскина ЕА, Кашеварова НГ, Алексеева ЛИ. Место нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов в современных рекомендациях по остеоартриту. Современная ревматология. 2020;14(2):123-30. doi: 10.14412/1996-7012-2020-2-123-130.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taskina EA, Kashevarova NG, Alekseeva LI. The place of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the current osteoarthritis guidelines. Sovremennaya revmatologiya = Modern Rheumatology Journal. 2020;14(2):123-30. (In Russ.). doi: 10.14412/1996-7012-2020-2-123-130.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fayet M, Hagen M. Pain characteristics and biomarkers in treatment approaches for osteoarthritis pain. Pain Manag. 2021 Jan; 11(1):59-73. doi: 10.2217/pmt-2020-0055. Epub 2020 Oct 30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fayet M, Hagen M. Pain characteristics and biomarkers in treatment approaches for osteoarthritis pain. Pain Manag. 2021 Jan; 11(1):59-73. doi: 10.2217/pmt-2020-0055. Epub 2020 Oct 30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bannuru RR, Osani MC, Vaysbrot EE, et al. OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee, hip, and polyarticular osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2019 Nov;27(11):1578-89. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.06.011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bannuru RR, Osani MC, Vaysbrot EE, et al. OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee, hip, and polyarticular osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2019 Nov;27(11):1578-89. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.06.011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bruyere O, Cooper C, Pelletier JP, et al. An algorithm recommendation for the management of knee osteoarthritis in Europe and internationally: a report from a task force of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO). Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2014 Dec;44(3):253-63. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2014.05.014. Epub 2014 May 14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bruyere O, Cooper C, Pelletier JP, et al. An algorithm recommendation for the management of knee osteoarthritis in Europe and internationally: a report from a task force of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO). Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2014 Dec;44(3):253-63. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2014.05.014. Epub 2014 May 14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каратеев АЕ, Насонов ЕЛ, Ивашкин ВТ и др. Рациональное использование нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов. Клинические рекомендации. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2018; 56(Прил. 1):1-29. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2018-1-29</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karateev AE, Nasonov EL, Ivashkin VT, et al. Rational use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Clinical guidelines. Nauchnoprakticheskaya revmatologiya. 2018; 56(1S):1-29. (In Russ.). doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2018-1-29</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wolff DG, Christophersen C, Brown SM, Mulcahey MK. Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Phys Sportsmed. 2021 Nov;49(4):381-91. doi: 10.1080/00913847.2021.1886573. Epub 2021 Mar 4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wolff DG, Christophersen C, Brown SM, Mulcahey MK. Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Phys Sportsmed. 2021 Nov;49(4):381-91. doi: 10.1080/00913847.2021.1886573. Epub 2021 Mar 4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McAlindon TE, Bannuru RR, Sullivan MC, et al. OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2014 Mar;22(3):363-88. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.01.003. Epub 2014 Jan 24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McAlindon TE, Bannuru RR, Sullivan MC, et al. OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical management of knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2014 Mar;22(3):363-88. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.01.003. Epub 2014 Jan 24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">NICE. Osteoarthritis in over 16s: diagnosis and management NICE guideline Published: 19 October 2022. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng226</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">NICE. Osteoarthritis in over 16s: diagnosis and management NICE guideline Published: 19 October 2022. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng226</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hochberg MC, Altman RD, April KT, et al. American College of Rheumatology 2012 recommendations for the use of nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapies in osteoarthritis of the hand, hip, and knee. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012 Apr;64(4): 465-74. doi: 10.1002/acr.21596.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hochberg MC, Altman RD, April KT, et al. American College of Rheumatology 2012 recommendations for the use of nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapies in osteoarthritis of the hand, hip, and knee. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012 Apr;64(4): 465-74. doi: 10.1002/acr.21596.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jordan KM, Arden NK, Doherty M, et al. EULAR Recommendations 2003: an evidence based approach to the management of knee osteoarthritis: report of a Task Force of the Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutic Trials (ESCISIT). Ann Rheum Dis. 2003 Dec; 62(12):1145-55. doi: 10.1136/ard.2003.011742.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jordan KM, Arden NK, Doherty M, et al. EULAR Recommendations 2003: an evidence based approach to the management of knee osteoarthritis: report of a Task Force of the Standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutic Trials (ESCISIT). Ann Rheum Dis. 2003 Dec; 62(12):1145-55. doi: 10.1136/ard.2003.011742.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Persson MSM, Stocks J, Walsh DA, et al. The relative efficacy of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and capsaicin in osteoarthritis: a network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2018; Dec;26(12):1575-82. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.08.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Persson MSM, Stocks J, Walsh DA, et al. The relative efficacy of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and capsaicin in osteoarthritis: a network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2018; Dec;26(12):1575-82. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.08.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kai S, Kondo E, Kawaguchi Y, et al. Flurbiprofen concentration in soft tissues is higher after topical application than after oral administration. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2013 Mar; 75(3):799-804. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04394.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kai S, Kondo E, Kawaguchi Y, et al. Flurbiprofen concentration in soft tissues is higher after topical application than after oral administration. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2013 Mar; 75(3):799-804. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04394.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mazieres B. Topical ketoprofen patch. Drugs R D. 2005;6(6):337-44. doi: 10.2165/00126839-200506060-00003.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mazieres B. Topical ketoprofen patch. Drugs R D. 2005;6(6):337-44. doi: 10.2165/00126839-200506060-00003.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taburet AM, Singlas E, Glass RC, et al. Pharmacokinetic comparison of oral and local action transcutaneous flurbiprofen in healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharm Ther. 1995 Apr; 20(2):101-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.1995.tb00636.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taburet AM, Singlas E, Glass RC, et al. Pharmacokinetic comparison of oral and local action transcutaneous flurbiprofen in healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharm Ther. 1995 Apr; 20(2):101-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.1995.tb00636.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hagen M, Baker M. Skin penetration and tissue permeation after topical administration of diclofenac. Curr Med Res Opin. 2017 Sep; 33(9):1623-34. doi: 10.1080/03007995.2017.1352497. Epub 2017 Jul 18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hagen M, Baker M. Skin penetration and tissue permeation after topical administration of diclofenac. Curr Med Res Opin. 2017 Sep; 33(9):1623-34. doi: 10.1080/03007995.2017.1352497. Epub 2017 Jul 18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kienzler JL, Gold M, Nollevaux F. Systemic bioavailability of topical diclofenac sodium gel 1% versus oral diclofenac sodium in healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Jan;50(1):50-61. doi: 10.1177/009127000 9336234. Epub 2009 Oct 19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kienzler JL, Gold M, Nollevaux F. Systemic bioavailability of topical diclofenac sodium gel 1% versus oral diclofenac sodium in healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Jan;50(1):50-61. doi: 10.1177/009127000 9336234. Epub 2009 Oct 19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Honvo G, Leclercq V, Geerinck A, et al. Safety of Topical Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Osteoarthritis: Outcomes of a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Drugs Aging. 2019 Apr;36(Suppl 1):45-64. doi: 10.1007/s40266-019-00661-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Honvo G, Leclercq V, Geerinck A, et al. Safety of Topical Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Osteoarthritis: Outcomes of a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Drugs Aging. 2019 Apr;36(Suppl 1):45-64. doi: 10.1007/s40266-019-00661-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Figueras A, Capellа D, Castel JM, Laorte JR. Spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions to non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs. A report from the Spanish System of Pharmacovigilance, including an early analysis of topical and enteric-coated formulations. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1994;47(4):297-303. doi: 10.1007/BF00191158.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Figueras A, Capellа D, Castel JM, Laorte JR. Spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions to non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs. A report from the Spanish System of Pharmacovigilance, including an early analysis of topical and enteric-coated formulations. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1994;47(4):297-303. doi: 10.1007/BF00191158.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barkin RL. Topical Nonsteroidal AntiInflammatory Drugs: The Importance of Drug, Delivery, and Therapeutic Outcome. Am J Ther. 2015 Sep-Oct;22(5):388-407. doi: 10.1097/MJT.0b013e3182459abd.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barkin RL. Topical Nonsteroidal AntiInflammatory Drugs: The Importance of Drug, Delivery, and Therapeutic Outcome. Am J Ther. 2015 Sep-Oct;22(5):388-407. doi: 10.1097/MJT.0b013e3182459abd.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Evans JM, McMahon AD, McGilchrist MM, et al. Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and admission to hospital for upper gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation: a record linkage case-control study. BMJ. 1995 Jul 1;311(6996):22-6. doi: 10.1136/bmj.311.6996.22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evans JM, McMahon AD, McGilchrist MM, et al. Topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and admission to hospital for upper gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation: a record linkage case-control study. BMJ. 1995 Jul 1;311(6996):22-6. doi: 10.1136/bmj.311.6996.22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Evans JM, McGregor E, McMahon AD, et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and hospitalization for acute renal failure. QJM. 1995 Aug;88(8):551-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evans JM, McGregor E, McMahon AD, et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and hospitalization for acute renal failure. QJM. 1995 Aug;88(8):551-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Honvo G, Leclercq V, Geerinck A, et al. Safety of Topical Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Osteoarthritis: Outcomes of a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Drugs Aging. 2019 Apr;36(Suppl 1):45-64. doi: 10.1007/s40266-019-00661-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Honvo G, Leclercq V, Geerinck A, et al. Safety of Topical Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Osteoarthritis: Outcomes of a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Drugs Aging. 2019 Apr;36(Suppl 1):45-64. doi: 10.1007/s40266-019-00661-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shi C, Ye Z, Shao Z. Multidisciplinary Guidelines for the Rational Use of Topical Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Musculoskeletal Pain. J Clin Med. 2023 Feb 15; 12(4):1544. doi: 10.3390/jcm12041544.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shi C, Ye Z, Shao Z. Multidisciplinary Guidelines for the Rational Use of Topical Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Musculoskeletal Pain. J Clin Med. 2023 Feb 15; 12(4):1544. doi: 10.3390/jcm12041544.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каратеев АЕ. Теноксикам. Клиническая фармакология и терапия. 2017;26(5): 44-50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karateev AE. Tenoxicam. Klinicheskaya farmakologiya i terapiya. 2017;26(5):44-50. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vignon E, Mathieu P, Louisot P, Richard M. In vitro effect of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on proteoglycanase and collagenase activity in human osteoarthritic cartilage. Arthritis Rheum. 1991 Oct;34(10):1332-5. doi: 10.1002/art.1780341021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vignon E, Mathieu P, Louisot P, Richard M. In vitro effect of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on proteoglycanase and collagenase activity in human osteoarthritic cartilage. Arthritis Rheum. 1991 Oct;34(10):1332-5. doi: 10.1002/art.1780341021.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баринов АН, Леонтьева МС, Телышева ЮБ и др. Современные подходы к диагностике и лечению первичной скелетномышечной ноцицептивной боли. Медицинский алфавит. 2023;(2):12-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barinov AN, Leont'eva MS, Telysheva YuB, et al. Modern approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of primary musculoskeletal nociceptive pain. Meditsinskii alfavit. 2023;(2):12-8. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
