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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mrj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Rheumatology Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1996-7012</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-158X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1996-7012-2023-4-28-34</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mrj-1456</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка влияния полиморфизмов генов-транспортеров (RFC1, MDR1) и GGH на эффективность метотрексата при ревматоидном артрите</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evaluation of the influence of polymorphisms of the transporter genes (RFC1, MDR1) and GGH on the efficacy of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8657-7035</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Девальд</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Devald</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Девальд Инесса Валерьевна.</p><p>454092, Челябинск, ул. Воровского, 64; 454001, Челябинск, ул. Братьев Кашириных, 129</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inessa V. Devald.</p><p>64, Vorovskogo Street, Chelyabinsk 454092; 129, Bratiev Kashirinikh Street, Chelyabinsk 454001</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">inessa.devald@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5520-9635</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ходус</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Hodus</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>454001, Челябинск, ул. Братьев Кашириных, 129</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>129, Bratiev Kashirinikh Street, Chelyabinsk 454001</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4920-2338</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нохрин</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nokhrin</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>454001, Челябинск, ул. Братьев Кашириных, 129</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>129, Bratiev Kashirinikh Street, Chelyabinsk 454001</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5415-545X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хромова</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khromova</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>454001, Челябинск, ул. Братьев Кашириных, 129</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>129, Bratiev Kashirinikh Street, Chelyabinsk 454001</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0877-6554</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Игнатова</surname><given-names>Г. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ignatova</surname><given-names>G. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>454092, Челябинск, ул. Воровского, 64</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>64, Vorovskogo Street, Chelyabinsk 454092</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7235-9459</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сташкевич</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stashkevich</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>454001, Челябинск, ул. Братьев Кашириных, 129</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>129, Bratiev Kashirinikh Street, Chelyabinsk 454001</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6068-3080</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лила</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lila</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра ревматологии ФГБОУ ДПО «РМАНПО» Минздрава России.</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А; 125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр.1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Rheumatology Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia.</p><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522; 2/1, Barrikadnaya Street, Build. 1, Moscow 125993</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6462-9500</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурмистрова</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Burmistrova</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>454001, Челябинск, ул. Братьев Кашириных, 129</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>129, Bratiev Kashirinikh Street, Chelyabinsk 454001</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Южно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ВО «Челябинский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>South Ural State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russia; Chelyabinsk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Челябинский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Chelyabinsk State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Южно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>South Ural State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology; Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>08</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Девальд И.В., Ходус Е.А., Нохрин Д.Ю., Хромова Е.Б., Игнатова Г.Л., Сташкевич Д.С., Лила А.М., Бурмистрова А.Л., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Девальд И.В., Ходус Е.А., Нохрин Д.Ю., Хромова Е.Б., Игнатова Г.Л., Сташкевич Д.С., Лила А.М., Бурмистрова А.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Devald I.V., Hodus E.A., Nokhrin D.Y., Khromova E.B., Ignatova G.L., Stashkevich D.S., Lila A.M., Burmistrova A.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/1456">https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/1456</self-uri><abstract><p>Эффективность метотрексата (МТ) у больных ревматоидным артритом (РА) может определяться генетическими факторами.</p><p>Цель исследования — оценить изолированное и совместное влияние однонуклеотидных полиморфизмов (SNP) генов мембранных белков-транспортеров (RFC1 80G&gt;A и MDR1 3435C&gt;T) и гена фермента гамма-глутамилгидролазы GGH -401C&gt;T на эффективность МТ у больных РА.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Исследуемую группу составили 85 больных с достоверным диагнозом РА, которым проводилась терапия МТ начиная с 10 мг/нед с повышением дозы максимально до 25 мг/нед. Эффективность оценивалась после 6 мес лечения по динамике индекса DAS28, были определены пациенты, отвечающие и не отвечающие на терапию МТ.</p><p>Генотипирование полиморфизмов генов RFC1, MDR1 и GGH выполнено методом полимеразной цепной реакции в режиме реального времени. Для анализа результатов использовались три различных подхода: 1) анализ по каждому из генов; 2) логистическая регрессия и 3) многофакторное снижение размерности (Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction, MDR).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. С помощью анализа по отдельным генам идентифицированы наиболее вероятные предикторы отсутствия ответа на терапию: 1) для GGH-401C&gt;T — генотип TT(отношение шансов, ОШ5,09; 95% Доверительный интервал, ДИ 1,11—23,3); 2) для MDR13435C&gt;T-генотип TT(ОШ2,38; 95% ДИ0,89-6,37); 3) Для RFC180G&gt;A - генотип не АА (ОШ 1,87; 95% ДИ 0,93-3,76).</p><p>Модель логистической регрессии свидетельствует о значимом влиянии на эффективность МТ носительства гомозиготного генотипа GGH -401TT при низкой чувствительности метода. Результаты многофакторного снижения размерности демонстрируют значимое синергичное влияние генов транспорта МТ (MDR1, RFC1) и фермента GGH, кодирующего конверсию МТ в форму Для элиминации.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. С помощью разных статистических методов получены следующие результаты: анализ по отдельным генам выявил наиболее вероятные предикторы отсутствия ответа на терапию МТ: GGH - 401C&gt;T - генотип TT, MDR1 3435C&gt;T - генотип TT, RFC1 80G&gt;A - генотип не AA; метод множественной логистической регрессии позволил определить значимое влияние генотипа GGH - 401ТТ на эффект препарата при низкой чувствительности метода; изолированное влияние полиморфизмов, вероятно, менее выражено, чем их совместное воздействие на эффективность МТ. Синергизм SNP вносит большой вклад в формирование резистентности к терапии. MDR - перспективный метод, который может быть использован в дальнейшем для оценки влияния SNP.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The efficacy of methotrexate (MT) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may be determined by genetic factors.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to evaluate the isolated and combined effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of membrane transporter proteins (RFC1 80G&gt;A and MDR1 3435C&gt;T) and the GGH -401C&gt;T gamma-glutamyl hydrolase enzyme genes on the efficacy of MT in patients with RA.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study group consisted of 85 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of RA, who received therapy with MT starting at 10 mg/week and increasing in dose to a maximum of 25 mg/week. Efficacy was assessed after six months of treatment using the dynamics of the DAS28 index, identifying patients who responded and those who did not respond to MT therapy.</p><p>Genotyping of RFC1, MDR1 and GGH gene polymorphisms was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Three different approaches were used to analyze the results: 1) analysis for each of the genes; 2) logistic regression; and 3) multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR).</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. Single gene analysis was used to determine the most likely predictors of non-response to therapy: 1) for GGH-401C&gt;T, TT genotype (odds ratio, OR 5.09; 95% confidence interval, C11.11—23.3); 2) forMDR13435C&gt;T, the TT genotype (OR 2.38; 95% CI0.89-6.37); 3) for RFC180G&gt;A, not - AA genotype (OR 1.87; 95% CI 0.93-3.76).</p><p>The logistic regression model showed a significant effect of homozygous genotype GGH -401TT on the efficacy of MT with low sensitivity of the method. The multifactorial dimensionality reduction results show a significant synergistic effect of the MT transport genes (MDR1, RFC1) and the GGH enzyme encoding the conversion of MT to the elimination form.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Using various statistical methods, the following results were obtained: Single gene analysis revealed the most likely predictors of nonresponse to MT therapy: GGH -401C&gt;T - TT genotype, MDR1 3435C&gt;T - TT genotype, RFC1 80G&gt;A - not-AA genotype; the method of multiple logistic regression allowed to determine the significant effect of GGH -401ТТ genotype on the effect of the drug with a low sensitivity of the method; the isolated effect of polymorphisms is probably less pronounced than their combined effect on the effectiveness of MT. SNP synergism is a major contributor to the development of treatment resistance. MDR is a promising method that can be used in the future to assess the impact of SNPs.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ревматоидный артрит</kwd><kwd>метотрексат</kwd><kwd>эффективность</kwd><kwd>белки-транспортеры</kwd><kwd>гамма-глутамилгидролаза</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rheumatoid arthritis</kwd><kwd>methotrexate</kwd><kwd>efficacy</kwd><kwd>transporter proteins</kwd><kwd>gamma-glutamyl hydrolase</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Насонов ЕЛ. Проблемы иммунопатологии ревматоидного артрита: эволюция болезни. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2017;55(3):277-294.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nasonov EL. Problems of immunopathology of rheumatoid arthritis: the evolution of the disease. Nauchno-prakticheskaya revmatologiya. 2017;55(3):277-294. 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