<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mrj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Rheumatology Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1996-7012</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-158X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1996-7012-2024-2-25-32</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mrj-1558</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>CINCA/NOMID – редкий аутовоспалительный синдром в практике ревматолога. Опыт диагностики, ведения и терапии ингибиторами интерлейкина 1</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CINCA/NOMID is a rare autoinflammatory syndrome in rheumatological practice. Experience of diagnosis, management and therapy with interleukin-1 inhibitors</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3689-431X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салугина</surname><given-names>С. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Salugina</surname><given-names>S. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Светлана Олеговна Салугина</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana Olegovna Salugina</p><p>134A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pafon1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-1745</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федоров</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedoro</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>134A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8099-2107</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Торгашина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Torgashina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>134A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А.Насоновой»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>32</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Салугина С.О., Федоров Е.С., Торгашина А.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Салугина С.О., Федоров Е.С., Торгашина А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Salugina S.O., Fedoro E.S., Torgashina A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/1558">https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/1558</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – представить опыт диагностики, ведения и терапии ингибиторами интерлейкина 1 (иИЛ1) у пациентов с CINCA/NOMID, по данным российского федерального ревматологического центра.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. С 2007 по 2023 г. в исследование включено 8 пациентов (7 мужского пола) в возрасте от 10 мес до 33 лет, среди них 3 с длительностью заболевания более 10 лет (13, 17 лет и 33 года). Всем пациентам было проведено генетическое тестирование, в 6 случаях выявлены мутации в гене NLRP3.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Возраст дебюта заболевания варьировался от 0 до 6 мес. Задержка диагностики и назначения терапии составила от 10 мес до 33 лет. Все пациенты имели классические проявления CINCA/NOMID, включая лихорадку, сыпь, поражение центральной нервной системы (ЦНС), повышение СОЭ и уровня СРБ, у 6 из них выявлены суставные, у 7 – глазные проявления и у 6 – нейросенсорная тугоухость. В 1 случае обнаружен амилоидоз. Всем больным были назначены иИЛ1. У 6 пациентов применялась анакинра (у 5 – в качестве первой, у 1 – второй линии терапии) с положительным ответом; в последующем 2 из этих больных переведены на канакинумаб в режиме 1 раз в 4 нед (у 1 пациента отмечено ухудшение и ему вновь назначена анакинра). Канакинумаб получали 5 больных (3 – в качестве первой, 2 – второй линии терапии), 1 пациент был переведен на анакинру из-за недостаточного эффекта со стороны ЦНС. Ответ на терапию иИЛ1 был положительным у всех пациентов, однако у части из них он оказался неполным в связи с тяжестью проявлений и наличием необратимых органных нарушений.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Пациенты с CINCA/NOMID имеют тяжелое течение заболевания и плохой прогноз. В связи с этим они нуждаются в раннем назначении иИЛ1. При поражении ЦНС предпочтительно применение анакинры, поскольку она характеризуется лучшим проникновением через гематоэнцефалический барьер и, соответственно, большей эффективностью; в дальнейшем возможен перевод пациента на канакинумаб, однако для достижения полного ответа иногда необходимо увеличение дозы препарата и сокращение интервала между введениями.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to present the experience of diagnosis, management and therapy with interleukin-1 inhibitors (iIL1) in patients with Chronic Infantile Onset Neurologic Cutaneous Articular/Neonatal Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease (CINCA/NOMID) according to the Russian Federal Rheumatological Center data.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. From 2007 to 2023, eight patients were included in the study (7 men) aged 10 months to 33 years, including 3 with a disease duration of more than 10 years (13, 17 and 33 years). Genetic testing was performed in all patients and mutations in the NLRP3 gene were identified in 6 cases.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The age of onset of the disease ranged from 0 to 6 months. The delay in diagnosis and prescription of therapy ranged from 10 months to 33 years. All patients had the classic manifestations of CINCA/NOMID, including fever, rash, central nervous system (CNS) involvement, elevated ESR and CRP levels, 6 patients had articular manifestations, 7 had ocular manifestations and 6 had sensorineural hearing loss. Amyloidosis was detected in 1 case. All patients were prescribed iIL1. Anakinra was used in 6 patients (in 5 as the first line, in 1 as the second line therapy) with a positive response; subsequently 2 of these patients were switched to canakinumab once every 4 weeks (1 patient deteriorated and was readministered anakinra). Five patients received canakinumab (3 as first-line therapy, 2 as second-line therapy), 1 patient was switched to anakinra due to insufficient CNS response. The response to iIL1 therapy was positive in all patients, but incomplete in some of them due to the severity of the manifestations and the presence of irreversible organ damage.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Patients with CINCA/NOMID have a severe disease and a poor prognosis. In this context, early administration of iIL1 is necessary. In the case of CNS involvement, the use of anakinra is preferable, as it is characterized by better penetration of the blood-brain barrier and is therefore more effective. Later it is possible to switch the patient to canakinumab, however, to achieve a complete response, it is sometimes necessary to increase the dose of the drug and reduce the interval between doses.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синдром CINCA/NOMID</kwd><kwd>криопирин-ассоциированные периодические синдромы</kwd><kwd>терапия</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы интерлейкина 1</kwd><kwd>анакинра</kwd><kwd>канакинумаб.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>CINCA/NOMID syndrome</kwd><kwd>cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS)</kwd><kwd>therapy</kwd><kwd>interleukin-1 inhibitors</kwd><kwd>anakinra</kwd><kwd>canakinumab</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках фундаментальной научной темы №1021051302580-4.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was written as part of the basic science topic №1021051302580-4.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hashkes PJ, Laxer RM, Simon A. Textbook ofautoinflammation. Springer; 2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hashkes PJ, Laxer RM, Simon A. Textbook ofautoinflammation. Springer; 2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lorber J. Syndrome for diagnosis: dwarfing,persistently open fontanelle; recurrent meningitis; recurrent subdural effusions with temporary alternate-sided hemiplegia; high-tone deafness; visual defect with pseudopapilloedema; slowing intellectual development; recurrent acute polyarthritis; erythema marginatum, splenomegaly and iron-resistant hypochromic anaemia. Proc R Soc Med. 1973 Nov;66(11):1070-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lorber J. Syndrome for diagnosis: dwarfing,persistently open fontanelle; recurrent meningitis; recurrent subdural effusions with temporary alternate-sided hemiplegia; high-tone deafness; visual defect with pseudopapilloedema; slowing intellectual development; recurrent acute polyarthritis; erythema marginatum, splenomegaly and iron-resistant hypochromic anaemia. Proc R Soc Med. 1973 Nov;66(11):1070-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prieur AM, Griscelli С. Arthropathy with rash,chronic meningitis, eye lesions and mental retardation. J Pediatr. 1981 Jul;99(1):79-83. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(81)80961-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prieur AM, Griscelli С. Arthropathy with rash,chronic meningitis, eye lesions and mental retardation. J Pediatr. 1981 Jul;99(1):79-83. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(81)80961-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feldmann J, Prieur AM, Quartier P, et al.Chronic infantile neurological cutaneous and articular syndrome is caused by mutations in CIAS1, a gene highly expressed in polymorphonuclear cells and chondrocytes. Am J Hum Genet. 2002 Jul;71(1):198-203. doi: 10.1086/341357. Epub 2002 May 24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feldmann J, Prieur AM, Quartier P, et al.Chronic infantile neurological cutaneous and articular syndrome is caused by mutations in CIAS1, a gene highly expressed in polymorphonuclear cells and chondrocytes. Am J Hum Genet. 2002 Jul;71(1):198-203. doi: 10.1086/341357. Epub 2002 May 24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prieur AM, Griscelli С, Lampert F, et al. A chronic, infantile, neurological, cutaneous and articular (CINCA) syndrome, a specific entity analised in 30 patients. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl. 1987:66:57-68. doi: 10.3109/03009748709102523.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prieur AM, Griscelli С, Lampert F, et al. A chronic, infantile, neurological, cutaneous and articular (CINCA) syndrome, a specific entity analised in 30 patients. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl. 1987:66:57-68. doi: 10.3109/03009748709102523.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prieur AM. A recently recognized chronic inflammatory disease of early onset characterized by the triad of rash, central nervous system involvement and arthropathy. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jan-Feb;19(1):103-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prieur AM. A recently recognized chronic inflammatory disease of early onset characterized by the triad of rash, central nervous system involvement and arthropathy. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2001 Jan-Feb;19(1):103-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hashkes PJ. Genetic syndromes in pediatric rheumatology. Medscape; 2005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hashkes PJ. Genetic syndromes in pediatric rheumatology. Medscape; 2005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузьмина НН, Салугина СО, Федоров ЕС. Аутовоспалительные заболевания и синдромы у детей. Москва: ИМА-ПРЕСС; 2012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuz'mina NN, Salugina SO, Fedorov ES. Autovospalitel'nye zabolevaniya i sindromy u detei [Auto-inflammatory diseases and syndromes in children]. Moscow: IMA-PRESS; 2012].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barron K, Athreya B, Kastner D. Periodic fever syndromes and other inherited autoinflammatory diseases. In: Cassidy JT, editor. Textbook of pediatric rheumatology. 6th ed. Elsevier Saunders; 2011. P. 642-660.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barron K, Athreya B, Kastner D. Periodic fever syndromes and other inherited autoinflammatory diseases. In: Cassidy JT, editor. Textbook of pediatric rheumatology. 6th ed. Elsevier Saunders; 2011. P. 642-660.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kitley JL, Lachmann HJ, Pinto A, Ginsberg L. Neurologic manifestations of the cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome. Neurology. 2010 Apr 20; 74(16):1267-70. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e 3181d9ed69.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kitley JL, Lachmann HJ, Pinto A, Ginsberg L. Neurologic manifestations of the cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome. Neurology. 2010 Apr 20; 74(16):1267-70. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e 3181d9ed69.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lovell DJ, Bowyer SL, Solinger AM. Interleukine-1 Blockade by Anakinra Improves Clinical Symptoms in Patients With Neonatal-Onset Mutisystem Inflammatory Disease. Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Apr;52(4):1283-6. doi: 10.1002/art.20953.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lovell DJ, Bowyer SL, Solinger AM. Interleukine-1 Blockade by Anakinra Improves Clinical Symptoms in Patients With Neonatal-Onset Mutisystem Inflammatory Disease. Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Apr;52(4):1283-6. doi: 10.1002/art.20953.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goldbach-Mansky R, Dailey NJ, Canna SW,et al. Neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease responsive to interleukin-1beta inhibition. N Engl J Med. 2006 Aug 10;355(6):581-92. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa055137.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goldbach-Mansky R, Dailey NJ, Canna SW,et al. Neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease responsive to interleukin-1beta inhibition. N Engl J Med. 2006 Aug 10;355(6):581-92. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa055137.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sibley CH, Plass N, Snow J, et al. Sustainedresponse and prevention of damage progression in patients with neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease treated with anakinra: a cohort study to determine three- and five-year outcomes. Arthritis Rheum. 2012 Jul;64(7): 2375-86. doi: 10.1002/art.34409.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sibley CH, Plass N, Snow J, et al. Sustainedresponse and prevention of damage progression in patients with neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease treated with anakinra: a cohort study to determine three- and five-year outcomes. Arthritis Rheum. 2012 Jul;64(7): 2375-86. doi: 10.1002/art.34409.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sibley CH, Chioato A, Felix S, et al. A 24-month open-label study of canakinumab in neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015 Sep;74(9):1714-9. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204877. Epub 2014 Jun 6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sibley CH, Chioato A, Felix S, et al. A 24-month open-label study of canakinumab in neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015 Sep;74(9):1714-9. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204877. Epub 2014 Jun 6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Neven B, Marvillet I, Terrada C, et al. Longterm efficacy of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra in ten patients with neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease/chronic infantile neurologic, cutaneous, articular syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Jan;62(1):258-67. doi: 10.1002/art.25057.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Neven B, Marvillet I, Terrada C, et al. Longterm efficacy of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra in ten patients with neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease/chronic infantile neurologic, cutaneous, articular syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Jan;62(1):258-67. doi: 10.1002/art.25057.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ter Haar N, Lachmann H, Ozen S, et al. Treatment of autoinflammatory diseases: results from the Eurofever Registry and a literature review. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013 May;72(5):678-85. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-201268. Epub 2012 Jun 29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ter Haar N, Lachmann H, Ozen S, et al. Treatment of autoinflammatory diseases: results from the Eurofever Registry and a literature review. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013 May;72(5):678-85. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-201268. Epub 2012 Jun 29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ter Haar NM, Oswald M, Jeyaratnam J, et al.Recommendations for the management of autoinflammatory diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015 Sep; 74(9):1636-44. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015207546. Epub 2015 Jun 24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ter Haar NM, Oswald M, Jeyaratnam J, et al.Recommendations for the management of autoinflammatory diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015 Sep; 74(9):1636-44. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015207546. Epub 2015 Jun 24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benedetti F, Gattorno M, Anton J, et al. Canakinumab for the treatment of autoinflammatory recurrent fever syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2018 May 17;378(20):1908-1919. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1706314.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benedetti F, Gattorno M, Anton J, et al. Canakinumab for the treatment of autoinflammatory recurrent fever syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2018 May 17;378(20):1908-1919. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1706314.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goldbach-Mansky R, Sibley C, Felix S, et al.Efficacy and safety of canakinumab in patients with NOMID/CINCA. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012; 71(suppl. 3):291.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goldbach-Mansky R, Sibley C, Felix S, et al.Efficacy and safety of canakinumab in patients with NOMID/CINCA. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012; 71(suppl. 3):291.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Romano M, Arici ZS, Piskin D, et al. The 2021 EULAR/American College of Rheumatology points to consider for diagnosis, management and monitoring of the interleukin-1 mediated autoinflammatory diseases: cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, tumour ntcrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome, mevalonate kinase deficiency, and deficiency of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Ann Rheum Dis. 2022 Jul;81(7):907-921. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221801. Epub 2022 May 27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Romano M, Arici ZS, Piskin D, et al. The 2021 EULAR/American College of Rheumatology points to consider for diagnosis, management and monitoring of the interleukin-1 mediated autoinflammatory diseases: cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, tumour ntcrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome, mevalonate kinase deficiency, and deficiency of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Ann Rheum Dis. 2022 Jul;81(7):907-921. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221801. Epub 2022 May 27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Салугина СО, Федоров ЕС, Кузьмина НН. Современные подходы к диагностике, лечению и мониторингу пациентов с CAPS. Современная ревматология. 2016;10(2):4-11. doi:10.14412/1996-70122015-1-60-65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salugina SO, Fedorov ES, Kuz'mina NN. Current approaches to diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring in patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS). Sovremennaya revmatologiya = Modern Rheumatology Journal. 2016; 10(2):4-11. (In Russ.)]. doi:10.14412/1996-70122015-1-60-65.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuemmerle-Deschner JB, Ozen S, Tyrrell PN,et al. Diagnostic criteria for cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS). Ann Rheum Dis. 2017 Jun;76(6):942-947. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209686. Epub 2016 Oct 4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuemmerle-Deschner JB, Ozen S, Tyrrell PN,et al. Diagnostic criteria for cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS). Ann Rheum Dis. 2017 Jun;76(6):942-947. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209686. Epub 2016 Oct 4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gattorno M, Hofer M, Federici S, et al. Classification criteria for autoinflammatory recurrent fevers. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019 Aug;78(8): 1025-1032. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019215048. Epub 2019 Apr 24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gattorno M, Hofer M, Federici S, et al. Classification criteria for autoinflammatory recurrent fevers. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019 Aug;78(8): 1025-1032. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019215048. Epub 2019 Apr 24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tanaka N, Izawa K, Saito MK, et al. High incidence of NLRP3 somatic mosaicism in patients with chronic infantile neurologic, cutaneous, articular syndrome: results of an International Multicenter Collaborative Study. Arthritis Rheum. 2011 Nov;63(11):3625-32. doi: 10.1002/art.30512.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tanaka N, Izawa K, Saito MK, et al. High incidence of NLRP3 somatic mosaicism in patients with chronic infantile neurologic, cutaneous, articular syndrome: results of an International Multicenter Collaborative Study. Arthritis Rheum. 2011 Nov;63(11):3625-32. doi: 10.1002/art.30512.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saito M, Fujisawa A, Nishikomori R, et al.Somatic mosaicism of CIAS1 in a patient with chronic infantile neurologic, cutaneous, articular syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Nov;52(11): 3579-85. doi: 10.1002/art.21404.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saito M, Fujisawa A, Nishikomori R, et al.Somatic mosaicism of CIAS1 in a patient with chronic infantile neurologic, cutaneous, articular syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 2005 Nov;52(11): 3579-85. doi: 10.1002/art.21404.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клинические рекомендации. Криопиринассоциированные периодические синдромы. https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/schema/758_1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clinical recommendations. Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes]. https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/schema/758_1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rigante D, Ansuinii V, Caldarelli M, et al. Hydrocephalus in CINCA syndrome treated with anakinra. Childs Nerv Syst. 2006 Apr;22(4):334-7. doi: 10.1007/s00381-006-1280-3. Epub 2006 Mar 9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rigante D, Ansuinii V, Caldarelli M, et al. Hydrocephalus in CINCA syndrome treated with anakinra. Childs Nerv Syst. 2006 Apr;22(4):334-7. doi: 10.1007/s00381-006-1280-3. Epub 2006 Mar 9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sjöström EO, Culot M, Leickt L, et al. Transport study of interleukin-inhibitors using a human in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier. Brain Behav Immun Health. 2021 Jul 31:16: 100307. doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100307.eCollection 2021 Oct.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sjöström EO, Culot M, Leickt L, et al. Transport study of interleukin-inhibitors using a human in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier. Brain Behav Immun Health. 2021 Jul 31:16: 100307. doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100307.eCollection 2021 Oct.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
