mrjСовременная ревматологияModern Rheumatology Journal1996-70122310-158XIMA-PRESS, LLC10.14412/19967012-2024-2-103-110mrj-1569Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSНовые молекулярные аспекты патогенеза остеопороза – перспективы ранней диагностики и леченияNew molecular aspects of the pathogenesis of osteoporosis – perspectives for early diagnosis and treatmenthttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0841-3024ТюринА. В.TyurinA. V.

450008, Уфа, ул. Ленина, 3

3, Lenina Street, Ufa 450008

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5965-2108АхияроваК. Э.AkhiyarovaK. E.

Карина Эриковна Ахиярова

450008, Уфа, ул. Ленина, 3

Karina Erikovna Akhiyarova

3, Lenina Street, Ufa 450008

liciadesu@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4337-1736ЯлаевБ. И.YalaevB. I.

117292, Москва, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, 11

11, Dmitriy Ulyanov Street, Moscow 117292

https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1000-773XЗагидуллинТ. С.ZagidullinT. S.

450008, Уфа, ул. Ленина, 3

3, Lenina Street, Ufa 450008

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8643-850XХусаиноваР. И.KhusainovaR. I.

450008, Уфа, ул. Ленина, 3

117292, Москва, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, 11

   

3, Lenina Street, Ufa 450008

11, Dmitriy Ulyanov Street, Moscow 117292

ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияBashkir state Medical University, Ministry of Health of RussiaRussian FederationФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии» Минздрава РоссииРоссияEndocrinology Research Center, Ministry of Health of RussiaRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России; ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии» Минздрава РоссииРоссияBashkir state Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia; Endocrinology Research Center, Ministry of Health of RussiaRussian Federation202422042024182103110Copyright © Тюрин А.В., Ахиярова К.Э., Ялаев Б.И., Загидуллин Т.С., Хусаинова Р.И., 20242024Тюрин А.В., Ахиярова К.Э., Ялаев Б.И., Загидуллин Т.С., Хусаинова Р.И.Tyurin A.V., Akhiyarova K.E., Yalaev B.I., Zagidullin T.S., Khusainova R.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/1569

Остеопороз (ОП) – широко распространенное заболевание, приводящее к низкотравматическим переломам и являющееся серьезной медицинской и социальной проблемой. Зачастую именно перелом бывает первым клиническим проявлением ОП, длительно протекавшего бессимптомно, что диктует необходимость разработки методов раннего выявления и оценки риска развития этого заболевания. ОП – многофакторное заболевание с выраженным наследственным компонентом, однако, как показывают данные изучения генетических факторов, можно объяснить лишь 15% наследуемости данного признака. В связи с этим фокус исследований смещается в область эпигенетической регуляции, которая контролирует активность генов без изменения первичной структуры ДНК. Одним из наиболее перспективных механизмов эпигенетического управления является метилирование, которому подвергаются как ДНК, так и РНК и гистоны. Особенности этих механизмов и возможности их использования для диагностики и лечения ОП представлены в данном обзоре.

Osteoporosis (OP) is a common disease leading to low-trauma fractures and is a serious medical and social problem. Often a fracture is the first clinical manifestation of OP that has been asymptomatic for a long time, necessitating the development of methods for early detection and risk assessment of this disease. OP is a multifactorial disease with a strong hereditary component. However, as the data from the study of genetic factors show, only 15% of the heritability of this trait can be explained. In this context, the focus of research is shifting to the area of epigenetic regulation, which controls gene activity without altering the primary structure of the DNA. One of the most promising mechanisms of epigenetic control is methylation, which affects DNA as well as RNA and histones. The characteristics of these mechanisms and the possibilities of their use for the diagnosis and treatment of OP are presented in this review.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.