<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mrj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Rheumatology Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1996-7012</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-158X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1996-7012-2024-4-16-22</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mrj-1616</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности клинических проявлений и фармакотерапии у пациентов с ревматоидным артритом, нуждающихся в переключении генно-инженерных биологических препаратов и ингибиторов Янус-киназ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Characteristics of clinical manifestations and pharmacotherapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis requiring switching between biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and Janus kinase inhibitors</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9958-8988</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бобкова</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bobkova</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nasta07041@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6068-3080</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лила</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lila</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра ревматологии </p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А;125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Rheumatology </p><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522;2/1, Barrikadnaya Street, Build. 1, Moscow 125993</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1391-0711</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каратеев</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karateev</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»;&#13;
ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology;&#13;
Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>16</fpage><lpage>22</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бобкова А.О., Лила А.М., Каратеев А.Е., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бобкова А.О., Лила А.М., Каратеев А.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bobkova A.O., Lila A.M., Karateev A.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/1616">https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/1616</self-uri><abstract><p>Использование генно-инженерных биологических препаратов (ГИБП) и ингибиторов Янус-киназ (иJAK) не всегда позволяет добиться ремиссии и низкой воспалительной активности при ревматоидном артрите (РА), что требует переключения терапии. Цель исследования – оценить клиническую характеристику и особенности фармакотерапии у больных РА, нуждавшихся в переключении ГИБП/иJAK. Материал и методы. Исследуемую группу составили 103 больных РА (85,4% женщин, средний возраст – 46,9±13,7 года), у которых на фоне лечения ГИБП/иJAK сохранялась активность заболевания (DAS28-СРБ – 5,42±0,9) или возникли нежелательные реакции, что потребовало переключения терапии. Пациенты были разделены на три группы: 1-я группа – пациенты, у которых проведено 1 переключение (n=50), 2-я группа – 2 переключения (n=39), 3-я группа – ≥3 переключения (n=14) терапии ГИБП/иJAK. Оценивались клинические проявления, активность заболевания и проводимая фармакотерапия. Результаты и обсуждение. Основной причиной переключения терапии являлась неэффективность ГИБП/иJAK (у 81,6% пациентов). Во 2-й и 3-й группах по сравнению с 1-й группой отмечались тенденция к более высоким значениям DAS28-СОЭ (р=0,052) и DAS28- СРБ (р=0,057) и значимые различия по CDAI (р1–2=0,015 и р1–3=0,011) и SDAI (р1–2=0,013 и р1–3=0,01). В 3-й группе при сопоставлении со 2-й группой прослеживалась тенденция к более высоким значениям DAS28-СРБ, CDAI и SDAI: 5,82±0,92 и 5,53±0,89; 40,5 [33,0; 45,0] и 35,2 [30,3; 43,9]; 36 [32; 42] и 32,0 [28,5; 38,5] соответственно. Однако эти различия были статистически незначимы. Пациенты 2-й и 3-й групп при сравнении с больными 1-й группы имели значимо большие число болезненных суставов (р1–2=0,048 и р1–3=0,036) и общую оценку активности заболевания пациентом (р1–2=0,004 и р1–3=0,013). Пациенты 3-й группы значимо дольше и в более высокой дозе принимали глюкокортикоиды, чем пациенты 1-й группы. В 1-й и 2-й группах чаще использовались ингибиторы фактора некроза опухоли α (50,0 и 41,0% соответственно), а в 3-й группе – ингибиторы интерлейкина 6 (50,0%). Заключение. Пациенты с РА, которые нуждались в ≥2 переключениях ГИБП/иJAK, имели более высокую активность заболевания по сравнению с больными, которым требовалось 1 переключение терапии. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) and Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis) do not always allow to achieve remission and low inflammatory activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), necessitating switching of therapy. Objective: to evaluate the clinical characteristics and features of pharmacotherapy in patients with RA requiring a switch from bDMARD/JAKi. Material and methods. The study group consisted of 103 patients with RA (85.4% women, mean age 46.9±13.7 years) who had persistent disease activity (DAS28-CRP – 5.42±0.9) despite treatment with bDMARD/JAKi or who experienced adverse events requiring therapy switching. Patients were divided into three groups: Group 1 – patients who underwent one switch (n=50), Group 2 – 2 switches (n=39), Group 3 – ≥3 switches (n=14) of bDMARD/JAKi therapy. Clinical manifestations, disease activity and pharmacotherapy were assessed. Results and discussion. The main reason for switching therapy was ineffectiveness of bDMARD/JAKi (in 81.6% of patients). There was a tendency towards higher DAS28-ESR (p=0.052) and DAS28-CRP values (p=0.057) in groups 2 and 3 compared to group 1, as well as significant differences in CDAI (p1–2=0.015 and p1–3=0.011) and SDAI (p1–2=0.013 and p1–3=0.01). In group 3, there was a tendency towards higher DAS28-CRP, CDAI and SDAI values compared to group 2: 5.82±0.92 and 5.53±0.89; 40.5 [33.0; 45.0] and 35.2 [30.3; 43.9]; 36 [32; 42] and 32.0 [28.5; 38.5], respectively. However, these differences were statistically insignificant. Patients in groups 2 and 3 had a significantly higher number of painful joints compared to patients in group 1 (p1–2=0.048 and p1–3=0.036) and a significantly higher patient global assessment of disease activity (p1–2=0.004 and p1–3=0.013). Patients in group 3 took glucocorticoids significantly longer and at higher doses than patients in group 1. Tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitors were used more frequently in groups 1 and 2 (50.0 and 41.0%, respectively), and interleukin-6 inhibitors in group 3 (50.0%). Conclusion. Patients with RA who required ≥2 switches of bDMARD/JAKi had higher disease activity compared to patients who required only one switch of therapy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ревматоидный артрит</kwd><kwd>генно-инженерные биологические препараты</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы Янус-киназ</kwd><kwd>переключение терапии</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rheumatoid arthritis</kwd><kwd>biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs</kwd><kwd>Janus kinase inhibitors</kwd><kwd>switching therapy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках фундаментальной темы FURS-2022-008, номер государственного задания 1021051503137-7.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared within the framework of the basic research topic FURS-2022-008, government contract №1021051503137-7.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Насонов ЕЛ, Олюнин ЮА, Лила АМ. Ревматоидный артрит: проблемы ремиссии и резистентности к терапии. Научнопрактическая ревматология. 2018; 56(3):263-271.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nasonov EL, Olyunin YuA, Lila AM. Rheumatoid arthritis: the problems of remission and therapy resistance. Nauchno-prakticheskaya revmatologiya. 2018;56(3):263-271. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Галушко ЕА, Гордеев АВ, Матьянова ЕВ и др. Труднолечимый ревматоидный артрит в реальной клинической практике. Предварительные результаты. Терапевтический архив. 2022;94(5):661-666.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galushko EA, Gordeev AV, Matyanova EV, et al. Difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis in real clinical practice. Preliminary results. Terapevticheskii arkhiv. 2022;94(5):661-666. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бобкова АО, Лила АМ. Проблема переключений генно-инженерных биологических препаратов и ингибиторов Янус-киназ у пациентов с ревматоидным артритом. Современная ревматология. 2023; 17(3):82-88. doi: 10.14412/1996-7012-2023-3-82-88</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bobkova AO, Lila AM. Switching biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and Janus kinase inhibitors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Sovremennaya Revmatologiya = Modern Rheumatology Journal. 2023;17(3): 82-88. (In Russ.). doi: 10.14412/1996-7012-2023-3-82-88</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гордеев АВ, Олюнин ЮА, Галушко ЕА и др. Труднолечимый ревматоидный артрит. Какой он? Современная ревматология. 2021;15(5):7-11. doi: 10.14412/1996-7012-2021-5-7-11</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gordeev AV, Olyunin YuA, Galushko EA, et al. Difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis. What is it? Sovremennaya Revmatologiya = Modern Rheumatology Journal. 2021;15(5): 7-11. (In Russ.). doi: 10.14412/1996-7012-2021-5-7-11</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nagy G, Roodenrijs NMT, Welsing PM, et al. EULAR definition of difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021 Jan;80(1):31-35. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis2020-217344. Epub 2020 Oct 1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nagy G, Roodenrijs NMT, Welsing PM, et al. EULAR definition of difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021 Jan;80(1):31-35. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis2020-217344. Epub 2020 Oct 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smolen JS. Treat to Target in Rheumatology: A Historical Account on Occasion of the 10th Anniversary. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2019 Nov;45(4):477-485. doi: 10.1016/j.rdc.2019.07.001. Epub 2019 Aug 16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smolen JS. Treat to Target in Rheumatology: A Historical Account on Occasion of the 10th Anniversary. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2019 Nov;45(4):477-485. doi: 10.1016/j.rdc.2019.07.001. Epub 2019 Aug 16.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rubbert-Roth A, Szabу MZ, Kedves M, et al. Failure of anti-TNF treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: The pros and cons of the early use of alternative biological agents. Autoimmun Rev. 2019 Dec;18(12):102398. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.102398. Epub 2019 Oct 19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rubbert-Roth A, Szabу MZ, Kedves M, et al. Failure of anti-TNF treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: The pros and cons of the early use of alternative biological agents. Autoimmun Rev. 2019 Dec;18(12):102398. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.102398. Epub 2019 Oct 19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каратеев АЕ, Лила АМ, Паневин ТС и др. Динамика показателей, оцениваемых самим пациентом, при использовании различных генно-инженерных биологических препаратов при ревматоидном артрите. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2022;60(4):427-437.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karateev AE, Lila AM, Panevin TS, et al. Dynamics of patient reported outcomes during the use various biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis. Nauchno-prakticheskaya revmatologiya. 2022;60(4):427-437. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lauper K, Iudici M, Mongin D, et al. Effectiveness of TNF-inhibitors, abatacept, IL6-inhibitors and JAK-inhibitors in 31 846 patients with rheumatoid arthritis in 19 registers from the 'JAK-pot' collaboration. Ann Rheum Dis. 2022 Oct;81(10):1358-1366. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-222586. Epub 2022 Jun 15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lauper K, Iudici M, Mongin D, et al. Effectiveness of TNF-inhibitors, abatacept, IL6-inhibitors and JAK-inhibitors in 31 846 patients with rheumatoid arthritis in 19 registers from the 'JAK-pot' collaboration. Ann Rheum Dis. 2022 Oct;81(10):1358-1366. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-222586. Epub 2022 Jun 15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alten R, Burmester GR, Matucci-Cerinic M, et al. Comparative Effectiveness, Time to Discontinuation, and Patient-Reported Outcomes with Baricitinib in Rheumatoid Arthritis: 2-Year Data from the Multinational, Prospective Observational RA-BE-REAL Study in European Patients. Rheumatol Ther. 2023 Dec;10(6):1575-1595. doi: 10.1007/s40744-023-00597-3. Epub 2023 Sep 27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alten R, Burmester GR, Matucci-Cerinic M, et al. Comparative Effectiveness, Time to Discontinuation, and Patient-Reported Outcomes with Baricitinib in Rheumatoid Arthritis: 2-Year Data from the Multinational, Prospective Observational RA-BE-REAL Study in European Patients. Rheumatol Ther. 2023 Dec;10(6):1575-1595. doi: 10.1007/s40744-023-00597-3. Epub 2023 Sep 27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pappas DA, St John G, Etzel CJ, et al. Comparative effectiveness of first-line tumour necrosis factor inhibitor versus non-tumour necrosis factor inhibitor biologics and targeted synthetic agents in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from a large US registry study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021 Jan;80(1):96-102. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217209. Epub 2020 Jul 21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pappas DA, St John G, Etzel CJ, et al. Comparative effectiveness of first-line tumour necrosis factor inhibitor versus non-tumour necrosis factor inhibitor biologics and targeted synthetic agents in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from a large US registry study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021 Jan;80(1):96-102. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217209. Epub 2020 Jul 21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smolen JS, Aletaha D, Barton A, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018 Feb 8:4:18001. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2018.1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smolen JS, Aletaha D, Barton A, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2018 Feb 8:4:18001. doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2018.1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim MJ, Park JW, Lee SK, et al. Treatment Sequence After Initiating Biologic Therapy for Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis in Korea: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study. J Rheum Dis. 2023 Jan 1;30(1):26-35. doi: 10.4078/jrd.22.0024. Epub 2022 Aug 30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim MJ, Park JW, Lee SK, et al. Treatment Sequence After Initiating Biologic Therapy for Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis in Korea: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study. J Rheum Dis. 2023 Jan 1;30(1):26-35. doi: 10.4078/jrd.22.0024. Epub 2022 Aug 30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taylor PC, Matucci Cerinic M, et al. Managing inadequate response to initial antiTNF therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: optimising treatment outcomes. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2022 Aug 16:14:1759720X221114101. doi: 10.1177/1759720X221114101.eCollection 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taylor PC, Matucci Cerinic M, et al. Managing inadequate response to initial antiTNF therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: optimising treatment outcomes. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2022 Aug 16:14:1759720X221114101. doi: 10.1177/1759720X221114101.eCollection 2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao SS, Kearsley-Fleet L, Bosworth A, et al. Effectiveness of sequential biologic and targeted disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2022 Nov 28;61(12):4678-4686. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac190.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao SS, Kearsley-Fleet L, Bosworth A, et al. Effectiveness of sequential biologic and targeted disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2022 Nov 28;61(12):4678-4686. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac190.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buch MH. Sequential use of biologic therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2010 May;22(3):321-9. doi: 10.1097/BOR.0b013e328337bd01.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buch MH. Sequential use of biologic therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2010 May;22(3):321-9. doi: 10.1097/BOR.0b013e328337bd01.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karpes Matusevich AR, Duan Z, Zhao H, et al. Treatment Sequences After Discontinuing a Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comparison of Cycling Versus Swapping Strategies. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2021 Oct; 73(10):1461-1469. doi: 10.1002/acr.24358. Epub 2021 Aug 26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karpes Matusevich AR, Duan Z, Zhao H, et al. Treatment Sequences After Discontinuing a Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comparison of Cycling Versus Swapping Strategies. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2021 Oct; 73(10):1461-1469. doi: 10.1002/acr.24358. Epub 2021 Aug 26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ebina K, Hirano T, Maeda Y, et al. Drug retention of secondary biologics or JAK inhibitors after tocilizumab or abatacept failure as first biologics in patients with rheumatoid arthritis – the ANSWER cohort study. Clin Rheumatol. 2020 Sep;39(9):2563-2572. doi: 10.1007/s10067-020-05015-5. Epub 2020 Mar 11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ebina K, Hirano T, Maeda Y, et al. Drug retention of secondary biologics or JAK inhibitors after tocilizumab or abatacept failure as first biologics in patients with rheumatoid arthritis – the ANSWER cohort study. Clin Rheumatol. 2020 Sep;39(9):2563-2572. doi: 10.1007/s10067-020-05015-5. Epub 2020 Mar 11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fujii T, Murata K, Onizawa H, et al. Management and treatment outcomes of rheumatoid arthritis in the era of biologic and targeted synthetic therapies: evaluation of 10-year data from the KURAMA cohort. Arthritis Res Ther. 2024 Jan 9;26(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s13075-023-03251-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fujii T, Murata K, Onizawa H, et al. Management and treatment outcomes of rheumatoid arthritis in the era of biologic and targeted synthetic therapies: evaluation of 10-year data from the KURAMA cohort. Arthritis Res Ther. 2024 Jan 9;26(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s13075-023-03251-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Conran C, Kolfenbach J, Kuhn K, et al. A Review of Difficult-to-Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis: Definition, Clinical Presentation, and Management. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2023 Dec;25(12):285-294. doi: 10.1007/s11926-023-01117-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Conran C, Kolfenbach J, Kuhn K, et al. A Review of Difficult-to-Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis: Definition, Clinical Presentation, and Management. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2023 Dec;25(12):285-294. doi: 10.1007/s11926-023-01117-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Watanabe R, Okano T, Gon T, et al. Difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis: Current concept and unsolved problems. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Oct 24:9:1049875. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1049875.eCollection 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Watanabe R, Okano T, Gon T, et al. Difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis: Current concept and unsolved problems. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Oct 24:9:1049875. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1049875.eCollection 2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roodenrijs NMT, Welsing PMJ, van Roon J, et al. Mechanisms underlying DMARD inefficacy in difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis: a narrative review with systematic literature search. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2022 Aug 30;61(9):3552-3566. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac114.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roodenrijs NMT, Welsing PMJ, van Roon J, et al. Mechanisms underlying DMARD inefficacy in difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis: a narrative review with systematic literature search. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2022 Aug 30;61(9):3552-3566. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac114.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jung JY, Lee E, Kim JW, et al. Unveiling difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis: longterm impact of biologic or targeted synthetic DMARDs from the KOBIO registry. Arthritis Res Ther. 2023 Sep 19;25(1):174. doi: 10.1186/s13075-023-03165-w.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jung JY, Lee E, Kim JW, et al. Unveiling difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis: longterm impact of biologic or targeted synthetic DMARDs from the KOBIO registry. Arthritis Res Ther. 2023 Sep 19;25(1):174. doi: 10.1186/s13075-023-03165-w.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ochi S, Sonomoto K, Nakayamada S, Tanaka Y. Preferable outcome of Janus kinase inhibitors for a group of difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis patients: from the FIRST Registry. Arthritis Res Ther. 2022 Mar 1;24(1): 61. doi: 10.1186/s13075-022-02744-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ochi S, Sonomoto K, Nakayamada S, Tanaka Y. Preferable outcome of Janus kinase inhibitors for a group of difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis patients: from the FIRST Registry. Arthritis Res Ther. 2022 Mar 1;24(1): 61. doi: 10.1186/s13075-022-02744-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garcia-Salinas R, Sanchez-Prado E, Mareco J, et al. Difficult to treat rheumatoid arthritis in a comprehensive evaluation program: frequency according to different objective evaluations. Rheumatol Int. 2023 Oct; 43(10):1821-1828. doi: 10.1007/s00296-023-05349-8. Epub 2023 Jun 3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garcia-Salinas R, Sanchez-Prado E, Mareco J, et al. Difficult to treat rheumatoid arthritis in a comprehensive evaluation program: frequency according to different objective evaluations. Rheumatol Int. 2023 Oct; 43(10):1821-1828. doi: 10.1007/s00296-023-05349-8. Epub 2023 Jun 3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Edgerton C, Frick A, Helfgott S, et al. Real-World Treatment and Care Patterns in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Initiating First-Line Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Therapy in the United States. ACR Open Rheumatol. 2024 Apr;6(4):179-188. doi: 10.1002/acr2.11646. Epub 2024 Jan 14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Edgerton C, Frick A, Helfgott S, et al. Real-World Treatment and Care Patterns in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Initiating First-Line Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Therapy in the United States. ACR Open Rheumatol. 2024 Apr;6(4):179-188. doi: 10.1002/acr2.11646. Epub 2024 Jan 14.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bertsias A, Flouri ID, Repa A, et al. Patterns of comorbidities differentially affect long-term functional evolution and disease activity in patients with 'difficult to treat' rheumatoid arthritis. RMD Open. 2024 Jan 19; 10(1):e003808. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003808.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bertsias A, Flouri ID, Repa A, et al. Patterns of comorbidities differentially affect long-term functional evolution and disease activity in patients with 'difficult to treat' rheumatoid arthritis. RMD Open. 2024 Jan 19; 10(1):e003808. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003808.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
