<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mrj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Rheumatology Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1996-7012</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-158X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1996-7012-2024-5-95-102</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mrj-1645</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изучение анальгетической эффективности локальной терапии нестероидными противовоспалительными препаратами у пациентов с остеоартритом коленных суставов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Investigation of the analgesic efficacy of local therapy with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with knee osteoarthritis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8130-5081</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стребкова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Strebkova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Александровна Стребкова</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Strebkova</p><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.ekaterinastrebkova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8218-3223</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Таскина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Taskina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8732-2720</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кашеварова</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kashevarova</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4242-8278</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарапова</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharapova</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8562-6077</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савушкина</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Savushkina</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0394-9249</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Короткова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korotkova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7017-0898</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А; 125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522; 2/1, Barrikadnaya Street, Build. 1, Moscow 125993</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6068-3080</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лила</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lila</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А; 125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522; 2/1, Barrikadnaya Street, Build. 1, Moscow 125993</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»; кафедра ревматологии ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology; Department of Rheumatology Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>95</fpage><lpage>102</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Стребкова Е.А., Таскина Е.А., Кашеварова Н.Г., Шарапова Е.П., Савушкина Н.М., Короткова Т.А., Алексеева Л.И., Лила А.М., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Стребкова Е.А., Таскина Е.А., Кашеварова Н.Г., Шарапова Е.П., Савушкина Н.М., Короткова Т.А., Алексеева Л.И., Лила А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Strebkova E.A., Taskina E.A., Kashevarova N.G., Sharapova E.P., Savushkina N.M., Korotkova T.A., Alekseeva L.I., Lila A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/1645">https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/1645</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель работы – анализ величины анальгетического эффекта и определение предикторов недостаточного ответа на локальную терапию нестероидными противовоспалительными препаратами (НПВП) в проспективном сравнительном рандомизированном исследовании эффективности и безопасности препарата Артоксан® гель 1% по сравнению с препаратом Диклофенак гель 1% у пациентов с ОА коленных суставов (КС).</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследование включено 60 пациентов с достоверным диагнозом ОА КС II–III стадии по Кеllgren–Lawrence, соответствовавшим критериям ACR, которые амбулаторно наблюдались в ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой». Возраст больных составлял 40–80 лет (в среднем – 62,50±8,04 года), индекс массы тела (ИМТ) – 24,9±4,67 кг/м2 , медиана продолжительности ОА – 5,7 [3; 15] года.</p><p>В соответствии со схемой рандомизации пациенты были распределены в две группы. В 1-й группе (n=30) проводилась локальная терапия 1% гелем Артоксан 2 раза в день на область целевого КС в течение 14 дней. Пациентам 2-й группы (n=30) была назначена местная терапия препаратом сравнения – 1% гелем Диклофенак – с аналогичной схемой применения. Пациенты обеих групп были сопоставимы по основным параметрам.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. У пациентов обеих групп уже после 2 нед лечения отмечено значимое снижение интенсивности боли по визуальной аналоговой шкале (ВАШ) в целевом КС при ходьбе (p&lt;0,05). При этом 1-й группе уменьшение боли (до легкой или умеренной степени) в целевом КС до &lt;40 мм по ВАШ после 7 дней терапии отметили 43,3% больных, а после 14 дней терапии – 63,3% (р=0,09). Во 2-й группе после 7 дней терапии 43,3% пациентов также указали на снижение боли в целевом КС до &lt;40 мм по ВАШ, через 14 дней такая динамика отмечалась в 56,7% случаев (р=0,22). Хотя различия между группами не достигали статистической значимости, у пациентов, которым проводилась локальная терапия 1% гелем Артоксан, прослеживалась тенденция к большей частоте снижения боли до &lt;40 мм по ВАШ и высоким ИМТ (r=-0,28; р=0,029).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Результаты работы демонстрируют значимый анальгетический эффект локальных форм НПВП при ОА КС. У большинства пациентов после 2 нед локальной терапии НПВП боль составляла &lt;40 мм по ВАШ. При этом наблюдалась тенденция к большей частоте снижения боли до &lt;40 мм по ВАШ в группе локальной терапии 1% гелем Артоксан. Сделан вывод, что избыточная масса тела и высокий ИМТ могут быть предикторами недостаточного анальгетического эффекта у пациентов с ОА КС.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to analyze the extent of analgesic effect and to determine predictors of inadequate response to local therapy with non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in a prospective, comparative, randomized trial of the efficacy and safety of Artoxan® gel 1% versus Diclofenac gel 1% in patients with knee OA.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included 60 patients with a definite diagnosis of stage II–III Kеllgren–Lawrence knee OA who fulfilled ACR criteria and were observed on an outpatient basis in V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology. Patients were 40–80 years old (mean 62.50±8.04 years), body mass index (BMI) 24.9±4.67 kg/m2 , median OA duration 5.7 [3;15] years. According to the randomization scheme, the patients were divided into two groups. In the 1st group (n=30), local therapy with 1% Artoxan gel was applied to the target area of the knee twice daily for 14 days. Patients in the 2nd group (n=30) were prescribed local therapy with the comparator drug, 1% Diclofenac gel with a similar application regimen. Patients in both groups were comparable in terms of the main parameters.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. Patients in both groups showed a significant decrease in pain intensity in the target joint during walking according to the visual analogue scale (VAS) after two weeks of treatment (p &lt;0.05). A decrease in pain (to mild or moderate) in the target joint to &lt;40 mm according to VAS after 7 days of therapy reported 43.3% of patients in the 1st group, and 63.3% of patients after 14 days of therapy (p=0.09). In the 2nd group, 43.3 % of patients also reported a reduction in pain in the target joint to &lt;40 mm according to VAS after 7 days of therapy, and after 14 days it was observed in 56.7% of cases (p=0.22). Although the differences between the groups did not reach statistical significance, a reduction in pain to &lt;40 mm according to VAS and a high BMI (r= -0.28; p=0.029).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The results of the study demonstrate a significant analgesic effect of local NSAIDs in knee OA. In most patients, pain was &lt;40 mm according to VAS after 2 weeks of local NSAID therapy. At the same time, there was a tendency towards a higher frequency of pain reduction to &lt;40 mm according to VAS in the group receiving local therapy with 1% Artoxan gel. It was concluded that excessive body weight and high BMI may be predictors of inadequate analgesic effect in patients with knee OA.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>остеоартрит коленного сустава</kwd><kwd>боль</kwd><kwd>нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>knee osteoarthritis</kwd><kwd>pain</kwd><kwd>non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs</kwd><kwd>obesity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках государственного задания по теме №1021051403074-2. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was created as part of the state assignment on topic №1021051403074-2. The investigation has not been sponsored.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лила АМ, Алексеева ЛИ. Современные подходы к ведению больных остеоартритом в реальной клинической практике. Клиническая медицина. 2023;(2-3):141-146.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lila AM, Alekseeva LI. Modern approaches to the management of osteoarthritis patients in real clinical practice. Klinicheskaya meditsina. 2023;(2-3):141-146. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">GBD 2021 Osteoarthritis Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of osteoarthritis, 1990-2020 and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Rheumatol. 2023 Aug 21;5(9):e508-e522. doi: 10.1016/S2665-9913(23)00163-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">GBD 2021 Osteoarthritis Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of osteoarthritis, 1990-2020 and projections to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Rheumatol. 2023 Aug 21;5(9):e508-e522. doi: 10.1016/S2665-9913(23)00163-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He Y, Li Z, Alexander PG, et al. Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis: Risk Factors, Regulatory Pathways in Chondrocytes, and Experimental Models. Biology (Basel). 2020 Jul 29;9(8):194. doi: 10.3390/biology9080194.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He Y, Li Z, Alexander PG, et al. Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis: Risk Factors, Regulatory Pathways in Chondrocytes, and Experimental Models. Biology (Basel). 2020 Jul 29;9(8):194. doi: 10.3390/biology9080194.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/woffiles/World_Obesity_Atlas_2023_Report.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/woffiles/World_Obesity_Atlas_2023_Report.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shumnalieva R, Kotov G, Monov S. Obesity-Related Knee Osteoarthritis-Current Concepts. Life (Basel). 2023 Jul 28;13(8):1650. doi: 10.3390/life13081650.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shumnalieva R, Kotov G, Monov S. Obesity-Related Knee Osteoarthritis-Current Concepts. Life (Basel). 2023 Jul 28;13(8):1650. doi: 10.3390/life13081650.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Таскина ЕА, Алексеева ЛИ, Кашеварова НГ и др. Взаимосвязь гиперхолестеринемии и остеоартрита (предварительные результаты). Терапевтический архив. 2024; 96(5):471-478.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taskina EA, Alekseeva LI, Kashevarova NG, et al. The relationship between hypercholesterolemia and osteoarthritis (preliminary results). Terapevticheskii arkhiv. 2024;96(5): 471-478. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеева ЛИ, Таскина ЕА, Кашеварова НГ. Остеоартрит: эпидемиология, классификация, факторы риска и прогрессирования, клиника, диагностика, лечение. Современная ревматология. 2019; 13(2):9-21. doi: 10.14412/1996-7012-2019-2-9-21</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseeva LI, Taskina EA, Kashevarova NG. Osteoarthritis: epidemiology, classification, risk factors, and progression, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Sovremennaya revmatologiya = Modern Rheumatology Journal. 2019;13(2):9-21. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mocanu V, Timofte DV, Zara-Danceanu CM, Labusca L. Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Osteoarthritis Require Integrative Understanding and Management. Biomedicines. 2024 Jun 6;12(6):1262. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12061262.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mocanu V, Timofte DV, Zara-Danceanu CM, Labusca L. Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Osteoarthritis Require Integrative Understanding and Management. Biomedicines. 2024 Jun 6;12(6):1262. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12061262.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Таскина ЕА, Алексеева ЛИ, Кашеварова НГ и др. Мультиморбидность при остеоартрите. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2022;60(3):306-313.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taskina EA, Alekseeva LI, Kashevarova NG, et al. Multimorbidity in osteoarthritis. Nauchno-prakticheskaya revmatologiya. 2022; 60(3):306-313. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raud B, Gay C, Guiguet-Auclair C, et al. Level of obesity is directly associated with the clinical and functional consequences of knee osteoarthritis. Sci Rep. 2020 Feb 27;10(1): 3601. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60587-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raud B, Gay C, Guiguet-Auclair C, et al. Level of obesity is directly associated with the clinical and functional consequences of knee osteoarthritis. Sci Rep. 2020 Feb 27;10(1): 3601. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60587-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Binvignat M, Sellam J, Berenbaum F, Felson DT. The role of obesity and adipose tissue dysfunction in osteoarthritis pain. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2024 Sep;20(9):565-584. doi: 10.1038/s41584-024-01143-3. Epub 2024 Aug 7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Binvignat M, Sellam J, Berenbaum F, Felson DT. The role of obesity and adipose tissue dysfunction in osteoarthritis pain. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2024 Sep;20(9):565-584. doi: 10.1038/s41584-024-01143-3. Epub 2024 Aug 7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wood MJ, Miller RE, Malfait AM. The Genesis of Pain in Osteoarthritis: Inflammation as a Mediator of Osteoarthritis Pain. Clin Geriatr Med. 2022 May;38(2):221-238. doi: 10.1016/j.cger.2021.11.013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wood MJ, Miller RE, Malfait AM. The Genesis of Pain in Osteoarthritis: Inflammation as a Mediator of Osteoarthritis Pain. Clin Geriatr Med. 2022 May;38(2):221-238. doi: 10.1016/j.cger.2021.11.013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu H, Huang T, Lu WW, et al. Osteoarthritis Pain. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Apr 22; 23(9):4642. doi: 10.3390/ijms23094642.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu H, Huang T, Lu WW, et al. Osteoarthritis Pain. Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Apr 22; 23(9):4642. doi: 10.3390/ijms23094642.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Таскина ЕА, Алексеева ЛИ. Боль при остеоартрозе: взаимосвязь между структурными изменениями и центральными механизмами боли. Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2016;(36):14-19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taskina EA, Alekseeva LI. Osteoarthritis pain: the relationship between structural changes and central pain mechanisms. Effektivnaya farmakoterapiya. 2016;(36):14-19. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McDougall JJ. Osteoarthritis is a neurological disease – an hypothesis. Osteoarthr Cartil Open. 2019 Nov 1;1(1-2):100005. doi: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2019.100005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McDougall JJ. Osteoarthritis is a neurological disease – an hypothesis. Osteoarthr Cartil Open. 2019 Nov 1;1(1-2):100005. doi: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2019.100005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каратеев АЕ, Насонов ЕЛ. Хроническая боль и центральная сенситизация при иммуновоспалительных ревматических заболеваниях: патогенез, клинические проявления, возможность применения таргетных базисных противовоспалительных препаратов. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2019;57(2):197-209.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karateev AE, Nasonov EL. Chronic pain and central sensitization in immuno-inflammatory rheumatic diseases: pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, the possibility of using targeted basic anti-inflammatory drugs. Nauchno-prakticheskaya revmatologiya. 2019;57(2):197-209. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Groenewald CB, Murray CB, Battaglia M, et al. Prevalence of Pain Management Techniques Among Adults With Chronic Pain in the United States, 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Feb 1;5(2):e2146697. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.46697.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Groenewald CB, Murray CB, Battaglia M, et al. Prevalence of Pain Management Techniques Among Adults With Chronic Pain in the United States, 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Feb 1;5(2):e2146697. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.46697.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лила АМ, Алексеева ЛИ, Таскина ЕА, Кашеварова НГ. Современный алгоритм лечения остеоартрита. Терапия. 2022;(2): 65-76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Лила АМ, Алексеева ЛИ, Таскина ЕА, Кашеварова НГ. Современный алгоритм лечения остеоартрита. Терапия. 2022;(2): 65-76.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gibbs AJ, Gray B, Wallis JA, et al. Recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review of clinical practice guidelines. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2023 Oct;31(10):1280-1292. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.05.015. Epub 2023 Jun 30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gibbs AJ, Gray B, Wallis JA, et al. Recommendations for the management of hip and knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review of clinical practice guidelines. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2023 Oct;31(10):1280-1292. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.05.015. Epub 2023 Jun 30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">http://disuria.ru/_ld/10/1085_kr21M17MZ.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">http://disuria.ru/_ld/10/1085_kr21M17MZ.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zeng C, Wei J, Persson MSM, et al. Relative efficacy and safety of topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies. Br J Sports Med. 2018 May;52(10):642-650. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098043. Epub 2018 Feb 7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zeng C, Wei J, Persson MSM, et al. Relative efficacy and safety of topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies. Br J Sports Med. 2018 May;52(10):642-650. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098043. Epub 2018 Feb 7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zeng C, Doherty M, Persson MSM, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of acetaminophen, topical and oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for knee osteoarthritis: evidence from a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and real-world data. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2021 Sep;29(9): 1242-1251. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.06.004. Epub 2021 Jun 24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zeng C, Doherty M, Persson MSM, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of acetaminophen, topical and oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for knee osteoarthritis: evidence from a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and real-world data. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2021 Sep;29(9): 1242-1251. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.06.004. Epub 2021 Jun 24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Y, Fan M, Wang H, et al. Relative safety and efficacy of topical and oral NSAIDs in the treatment of osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Sep 9;101(36):e30354. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000030354.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Y, Fan M, Wang H, et al. Relative safety and efficacy of topical and oral NSAIDs in the treatment of osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Sep 9;101(36):e30354. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000030354.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кашеварова НГ, Таскина ЕА, Стребкова ЕА и др. Проспективное сравнительное рандомизированное исследование эффективности и безопасности топических форм теноксикама и диклофенака у пациентов с остеоартритом коленных суставов. Современная ревматология. 2023;17(3):51-59. doi: 10.14412/1996-7012-2023-3-51-59</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kashevarova NG, Taskina EA, Strebkova EA, et al. A prospective comparative randomized trial of the efficacy and safety of topical tenoxicam and diclofenac in knee osteoarthritis. Sovremennaya revmatologiya = Modern Rheumatology Journal. 2023;17(3):51-59. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Persson MSM, Stocks J, Varadi G, et al. Predicting response to topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in osteoarthritis: an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2020 Sep 1;59(9):2207-2216. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa113.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Persson MSM, Stocks J, Varadi G, et al. Predicting response to topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in osteoarthritis: an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2020 Sep 1;59(9):2207-2216. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa113.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shi C, Ye Z, Shao Z, et al. Multidisciplinary Guidelines for the Rational Use of Topical Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Musculoskeletal Pain (2022). J Clin Med. 2023 Feb 15;12(4):1544. doi: 10.3390/jcm12041544.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shi C, Ye Z, Shao Z, et al. Multidisciplinary Guidelines for the Rational Use of Topical Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Musculoskeletal Pain (2022). J Clin Med. 2023 Feb 15;12(4):1544. doi: 10.3390/jcm12041544.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Derry S, Moore RA, Gaskell H, et al. Topical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jun 11;2015(6):CD007402. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007402.pub3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Derry S, Moore RA, Gaskell H, et al. Topical NSAIDs for acute musculoskeletal pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jun 11;2015(6):CD007402. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007402.pub3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Derry S, Conaghan P, Da Silva JAP, et al. Topical NSAIDs for chronic musculoskeletal pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Apr 22;4(4):CD007400. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007400.pub3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Derry S, Conaghan P, Da Silva JAP, et al. Topical NSAIDs for chronic musculoskeletal pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Apr 22;4(4):CD007400. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007400.pub3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Derry S, Wiffen PJ, Kalso EA, et al. Topical analgesics for acute and chronic pain in adults – An overview of Cochrane Reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 May 12;5(5): CD008609. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008609.pub2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Derry S, Wiffen PJ, Kalso EA, et al. Topical analgesics for acute and chronic pain in adults – An overview of Cochrane Reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 May 12;5(5): CD008609. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008609.pub2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taburet AM, Singlas E, Glass RC, et al. Pharmacokinetic comparison of oral and local action transcutaneous flurbiprofen in healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharm Ther. 1995 Apr;20(2): 101-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.1995.tb00636.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taburet AM, Singlas E, Glass RC, et al. Pharmacokinetic comparison of oral and local action transcutaneous flurbiprofen in healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharm Ther. 1995 Apr;20(2): 101-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.1995.tb00636.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kienzler JL, Gold M, Nollevaux F. Systemic bioavailability of topical diclofenac sodium gel 1% versus oral diclofenac sodium in healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Jan;50(1):50-61. doi: 10.1177/0091270009336234. Epub 2009 Oct 19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kienzler JL, Gold M, Nollevaux F. Systemic bioavailability of topical diclofenac sodium gel 1% versus oral diclofenac sodium in healthy volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol. 2010 Jan;50(1):50-61. doi: 10.1177/0091270009336234. Epub 2009 Oct 19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barkin RL. Topical Nonsteroidal AntiInflammatory Drugs: The Importance of Drug, Delivery, and Therapeutic Outcome. Am J Ther. 2015 Sep-Oct;22(5):388-407. doi: 10.1097/MJT.0b013e3182459abd.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barkin RL. Topical Nonsteroidal AntiInflammatory Drugs: The Importance of Drug, Delivery, and Therapeutic Outcome. Am J Ther. 2015 Sep-Oct;22(5):388-407. doi: 10.1097/MJT.0b013e3182459abd.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">da Costa BR, Pereira TV, Saadat P, et al. Effectiveness and safety of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and opioid treatment for knee and hip osteoarthritis: Network metaanalysis. BMJ. 2021 Oct 12:375:n2321. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n2321.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">da Costa BR, Pereira TV, Saadat P, et al. Effectiveness and safety of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and opioid treatment for knee and hip osteoarthritis: Network metaanalysis. BMJ. 2021 Oct 12:375:n2321. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n2321.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Путилина МВ, Теплова НВ. Возможности индивидуального подхода к выбору нестероидного противовоспалительного препарата для коморбидного пациента с учетом клинико-фармакологических характеристик препарата на примере класса оксикамов. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2022;122(7):36-41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Putilina MV, Teplova NV. The possibilities of an individual approach to the choice of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for a comorbid patient, taking into account the clinical and pharmacological characteristics of the drug on the example of the oxycam class. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2022;122(7):36-41. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
