<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mrj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Rheumatology Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1996-7012</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-158X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1996-7012-2025-1-57-63</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mrj-1703</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Опыт применения ингибитора интерлейкина 6 олокизумаба у пациентов с ревматоидным артритом в реальной клинической практике (по материалам Тюменского областного ревматологического центра)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experience of using the interleukin-6 inhibitor olokizumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in real-life clinical practice (based on data from Tyumen Regional Rheumatology Center)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-0080</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Патрикеева</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Patrikeeva</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>625023, Тюмень, ул. Котовского, 55</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>55, Kotovskogo Street, Tyumen 625023</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4616-1259</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лушпаева</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lushpaeva</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Арнольдовна Лушпаева,</p><p>625023, Тюмень, ул. Одесская, 54</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>54, Odesskaya Street, Tyumen 625023</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lushpaevay@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0957-7524</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кнауб</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Knaub</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>625023, Тюмень, ул. Котовского, 55</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>55, Kotovskogo Street, Tyumen 625023</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7565-3035</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Устинова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ustinova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>625046, Тюмень, ул. Широтная, 103/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>103/1, Shirotnaya Streer, Tyumen 625046</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0063-157X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беликов</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belikov</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>625023, Тюмень, ул. Котовского, 55</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>55, Kotovskogo Street, Tyumen 625023</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0103-9566</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгих</surname><given-names>М. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgikh</surname><given-names>M. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>625023, Тюмень, ул. Котовского, 55</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>55, Kotovskogo Street, Tyumen 625023</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0947-0928</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малышева</surname><given-names>Т. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malysheva</surname><given-names>T. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>625023, Тюмень, ул. Котовского, 55</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>55, Kotovskogo Street, Tyumen 625023</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ Тюменской области «Областная клиническая больница №1»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Regional Clinical Hospital No.1</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Тюменский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tyumen State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГАУЗ Тюменской области «Городская поликлиника №17»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Polyclinics No.17</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>63</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Патрикеева И.М., Лушпаева Ю.А., Кнауб Н.В., Устинова Е.А., Беликов О.А., Долгих М.Б., Малышева Т.Ю., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Патрикеева И.М., Лушпаева Ю.А., Кнауб Н.В., Устинова Е.А., Беликов О.А., Долгих М.Б., Малышева Т.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Patrikeeva I.M., Lushpaeva Y.A., Knaub N.V., Ustinova E.A., Belikov O.A., Dolgikh M.B., Malysheva T.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/1703">https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/1703</self-uri><abstract><p>В Тюменском областном ревматологическом центре накоплен опыт применения ингибитора интерлейкина 6 олокизумаба (ОКЗ) в терапии пациентов с ревматоидным артритом (РА).</p><p>Цель настоящего наблюдения – оценка эффективности и безопасности терапии ОКЗ у пациентов с РА в реальной клинической практике.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В анализ включено 75 пациентов с достоверным диагнозом РА, которым назначался ОКЗ в дозе 64 мг каждые 4 нед. Всем пациентам проводилось стандартное клинико-лабораторное обследование, регистрировались коморбидные заболевания. Результаты оценивали через 1, 6 и 12 мес терапии. У 20 пациентов, получавших ОКЗ не менее 1 года, проводилась ретроспективная оценка рентгенологического исхода.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Уже через 1 мес лечения ОКЗ доля пациентов с высокой активностью РА по DAS28-СРБ статистически значимо сократилась с 81 до 53,3%. Через 6 мес 55 (73,33%) из 75 пациентов продолжали терапию ОКЗ, и большинство из них (74,55%) достигли стадии медикаментозной ремиссии, при этом высокая активность РА не выявлялась. Через 12 мес терапию ОКЗ продолжали 43 (57,33%) из 75 пациентов, низкая активность и ремиссия наблюдались соответственно у 16,2 и 69,8% из них. На фоне терапии ОКЗ в эти сроки рентгенологическое прогрессирование РА отсутствовало. ОКЗ был отменен из-за недостаточной эффективности у 10 (13,33%) пациентов, из-за наступившей беременности у 2 (2,67%), из-за нежелательных явлений у 14 (18,67%), в связи с другими причинами у 6 (8%).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. В реальной клинической практике у пациентов с РА ОКЗ продемонстрировал выраженный терапевтический потенциал и благоприятный профиль безопасности.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The Tyumen Regional Rheumatology Center has gained experience in the use of the interleukin-6 inhibitor olokizumab (OKZ) in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of OKZ therapy in patients with RA in real-life clinical practice.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The analysis included 75 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of RA who were prescribed OKZ at a dose of 64 mg every 4 weeks. All patients underwent a standard clinical and laboratory examination and concomitant diseases were recorded. The results were evaluated after 1, 6 and 12 months of therapy. A retrospective evaluation of radiological outcomes was performed in 20 patients who had received OKZ for at least 1 year.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. After only one month of OKZ treatment, the proportion of patients with high RA activity according to DAS28-CRP decreased statistically significantly from 81% to 53.3%. After 6 months, 55 (73.33%) of 75 patients continued OKZ therapy, and most of them (74.55%) achieved the stage of drug remission, while high RA activity was not detected. After 12 months, 43 (57.33%) of the 75 patients continued OKZ therapy, with low activity and remission observed in 16.2 and 69.8% of them, respectively. During these periods, there was no radiological progression of RA against the background of OKZ therapy. Ten patients (13.33%) discontinued OKZ therapy due to insufficient efficacy, 2 (2.67%) due to pregnancy, 14 (18.67%) due to adverse events and 6 (8%) for other reasons.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. In real-world clinical practice, OKZ showed significant therapeutic potential and a favorable safety profile in patients with RA.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ревматоидный артрит</kwd><kwd>олокизумаб</kwd><kwd>ингибитор интерлейкина 6</kwd><kwd>гуманизированное моноклональное антитело</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rheumatoid arthritis</kwd><kwd>olokizumab</kwd><kwd>interleukin-6 inhibitor</kwd><kwd>humanized monoclonal antibody</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hunter CA, Jones SA. IL-6 as a keystone cytokine in health and disease. Nat Immunol. 2015 May;16(5):448-57. doi: 10.1038/ni.3153.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hunter CA, Jones SA. IL-6 as a keystone cytokine in health and disease. Nat Immunol. 2015 May;16(5):448-57. doi: 10.1038/ni.3153.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kondo N, Kuroda T, Kobayashi D. Cytokine Networks in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Oct 10;22(20):10922. doi: 10.3390/ijms222010922.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kondo N, Kuroda T, Kobayashi D. Cytokine Networks in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Oct 10;22(20):10922. doi: 10.3390/ijms222010922.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pandolfi F, Franza L, Carusi V, et al. Interleukin-6 in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jul 23;21(15):5238. doi: 10.3390/ijms21155238.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pandolfi F, Franza L, Carusi V, et al. Interleukin-6 in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jul 23;21(15):5238. doi: 10.3390/ijms21155238.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kishimoto T, Kang S. IL-6 Revisited: From Rheumatoid Arthritis to CAR T Cell Therapy and COVID-19. Annu Rev Immunol. 2022 Apr 26;40:323-348. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101220-023458. Epub 2022 Feb 3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kishimoto T, Kang S. IL-6 Revisited: From Rheumatoid Arthritis to CAR T Cell Therapy and COVID-19. Annu Rev Immunol. 2022 Apr 26;40:323-348. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101220-023458. Epub 2022 Feb 3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schett G. Physiological effects of modulating the interleukin-6 axis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2018 Feb 1;57(suppl_2):ii43-ii50. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex513.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schett G. Physiological effects of modulating the interleukin-6 axis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2018 Feb 1;57(suppl_2):ii43-ii50. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex513.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taylor PC, Fautrel B, Piette Y, et al. Treat-to-target in rheumatoid arthritis: a realworld study of the application and impact of treat-to-target within the wider context of patient management, patient centricity and advanced therapy use in Europe. RMD Open. 2022 Dec;8(2):e002658. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002658.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taylor PC, Fautrel B, Piette Y, et al. Treat-to-target in rheumatoid arthritis: a realworld study of the application and impact of treat-to-target within the wider context of patient management, patient centricity and advanced therapy use in Europe. RMD Open. 2022 Dec;8(2):e002658. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002658.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim GW, Lee NR, Pi RH, et al. IL-6 inhibitors for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: past, present, and future. Arch Pharm Res. 2015;38(5):575-84. doi: 10.1007/s12272-015-0569-8. Epub 2015 Feb 4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim GW, Lee NR, Pi RH, et al. IL-6 inhibitors for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: past, present, and future. Arch Pharm Res. 2015;38(5):575-84. doi: 10.1007/s12272-015-0569-8. Epub 2015 Feb 4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scott LJ. Tocilizumab: A Review in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Drugs. 2017 Nov;77(17): 1865-1879. doi: 10.1007/s40265-017-0829-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scott LJ. Tocilizumab: A Review in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Drugs. 2017 Nov;77(17): 1865-1879. doi: 10.1007/s40265-017-0829-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ogata A, Kato Y, Higa S, Yoshizaki K. IL-6 inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: A comprehensive review. Mod Rheumatol. 2019 Mar;29(2):258-267. doi: 10.1080/14397595.2018.1546357. Epub 2019 Jan 3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ogata A, Kato Y, Higa S, Yoshizaki K. IL-6 inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: A comprehensive review. Mod Rheumatol. 2019 Mar;29(2):258-267. doi: 10.1080/14397595.2018.1546357. Epub 2019 Jan 3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Avci AB, Feist E, Burmester GR. Targeting IL-6 or IL-6 Receptor in Rheumatoid Arthritis: What Have We Learned? BioDrugs. 2024 Jan;38(1):61-71. doi: 10.1007/s40259-023-00634-1. Epub 2023 Nov 21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avci AB, Feist E, Burmester GR. Targeting IL-6 or IL-6 Receptor in Rheumatoid Arthritis: What Have We Learned? BioDrugs. 2024 Jan;38(1):61-71. doi: 10.1007/s40259-023-00634-1. Epub 2023 Nov 21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nasonov E, Fatenejad S, Feist E, et al. Olokizumab, a monoclonal antibody against interleukin 6, in combination with methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis inadequately controlled by methotrexate: efficacy and safety results of a randomised controlled phase III study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2022 Apr; 81(4):469-479. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis2021-219876. Epub 2021 Aug 3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nasonov E, Fatenejad S, Feist E, et al. Olokizumab, a monoclonal antibody against interleukin 6, in combination with methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis inadequately controlled by methotrexate: efficacy and safety results of a randomised controlled phase III study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2022 Apr; 81(4):469-479. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis2021-219876. Epub 2021 Aug 3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smolen JS, Feist E, Fatenejad S, et al; CREDO2 Group. Olokizumab versus Placebo or Adalimumab in Rheumatoid Arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2022 Aug 25;387(8):715-726. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2201302.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smolen JS, Feist E, Fatenejad S, et al; CREDO2 Group. Olokizumab versus Placebo or Adalimumab in Rheumatoid Arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2022 Aug 25;387(8):715-726. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2201302.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feist E, Fleischmann RM, Fatenejad S и др. Комбинация олокизумаба с метотрексатом: безопасность и эффективность за 106 недель терапии. Современная ревматология. 2024;18(6):21-35. doi: 10.14412/1996-7012-2024-6-21-35</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feist E, Fleischmann RM, Fatenejad S, et al. Olokizumab plus methotrexate: safety and efficacy over 106 weeks of treatment. Sovremennaya revmatologiya = Modern Rheumatology Journal. 2024;18(6):21-35. (In Russ.). doi: 10.14412/1996-7012-2024-6-21-35</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aletaha D, Neogi T, Silman AJ, et al. 2010 rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/ European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 Sep;69(9):1580-8. doi: 10.1136/ard.2010.138461.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aletaha D, Neogi T, Silman AJ, et al. 2010 rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/ European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 Sep;69(9):1580-8. doi: 10.1136/ard.2010.138461.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smolen, Josef S, Bergstra SA, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2022 update. Ann Rheum Dis. 2023 Jan;82(1):3-18. doi: 10.1136/ard-2022-223356. Epub 2022 Nov 10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smolen, Josef S, Bergstra SA, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2022 update. Ann Rheum Dis. 2023 Jan;82(1):3-18. doi: 10.1136/ard-2022-223356. Epub 2022 Nov 10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van der Heijde D. Structural damage in rheumatoid arthritis as visualized through radiographs. Arthritis Res. 2002;4 Suppl 2 (Suppl 2):S29-33. doi: 10.1186/ar550. Epub 2002 Mar 27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van der Heijde D. Structural damage in rheumatoid arthritis as visualized through radiographs. Arthritis Res. 2002;4 Suppl 2 (Suppl 2):S29-33. doi: 10.1186/ar550. Epub 2002 Mar 27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каратеев ДЕ, Степанова ЕА, Лучихина ЕЛ. Методические рекомендации по рентгенологическим методам исследования при ревматоидном артрите и анкилозирующем спондилите. Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2022;18(18):12-25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karateev DE, Stepanova EА, Luchikhina EL. Practical Guidelines for Radiological Investigation Methods in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis. Effektivnaya farmakoterapiya. 2022;18(18):12-25. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федеральные клинические рекомендации по диагностике и лечению ревматоидного артрита. 2021. https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/250_2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Federal clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. 2021. https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/250_2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gabay C, Emery P, van Vollenhoven R, et al; ADACTA Study Investigators. Tocilizumab monotherapy versus adalimumab monotherapy for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (ADACTA): a randomised, doubleblind, controlled phase 4 trial. Lancet. 2013 May 4;381(9877):1541-50. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60250-0. Epub 2013 Mar</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gabay C, Emery P, van Vollenhoven R, et al; ADACTA Study Investigators. Tocilizumab monotherapy versus adalimumab monotherapy for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (ADACTA): a randomised, doubleblind, controlled phase 4 trial. Lancet. 2013 May 4;381(9877):1541-50. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60250-0. Epub 2013 Mar</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Su QY, Luo J, Zhang Y, et al. Efficacy and safety of current therapies for difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Transl Med. 2024 Aug 28;22(1):795. doi: 10.1186/s12967-024-05569-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Su QY, Luo J, Zhang Y, et al. Efficacy and safety of current therapies for difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Transl Med. 2024 Aug 28;22(1):795. doi: 10.1186/s12967-024-05569-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ogata A, Kato Y, Higa S, Yoshizaki K. IL-6 inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: A comprehensive review. Mod Rheumatol. 2019 Mar;29(2):258-267. doi: 10.1080/14397595.2018.1546357. Epub 2019 Jan 3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ogata A, Kato Y, Higa S, Yoshizaki K. IL-6 inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: A comprehensive review. Mod Rheumatol. 2019 Mar;29(2):258-267. doi: 10.1080/14397595.2018.1546357. Epub 2019 Jan 3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hunter CA, Jones SA. IL-6 as a keystone cytokine in health and disease. Nat Immunol. 2015 May;16(5):448-57. doi: 10.1038/ni.3153.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hunter CA, Jones SA. IL-6 as a keystone cytokine in health and disease. Nat Immunol. 2015 May;16(5):448-57. doi: 10.1038/ni.3153.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Моисеев СВ, Новиков ПИ, Чеботарева НВ и др. Олокизумаб в лечении ревматоидного артрита. Клиническая фармакология и терапия. 2021;30(2):67-74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moiseev SV, Novikov PI, Chebotareva NV, et al. Olokizumab for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Klinicheskaya farmakologiya i terapiya. 2021;30(2):67-74. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kretsos K, Golor G, Jullion A, et al. Safety and pharmacokinetics of olokizumab, an anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody, administered to healthy male volunteers: A randomized phase I study. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev. 2014 Sep;3(5):388-95. doi: 10.1002/cpdd.121. Epub 2014 May 26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kretsos K, Golor G, Jullion A, et al. Safety and pharmacokinetics of olokizumab, an anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody, administered to healthy male volunteers: A randomized phase I study. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev. 2014 Sep;3(5):388-95. doi: 10.1002/cpdd.121. Epub 2014 May 26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yip RML, Yim CW. Role of Interleukin 6 Inhibitors in the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Clin Rheumatol. 2021 Dec 1;27(8): e516-e524. doi: 10.1097/RHU.0000000 000001293.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yip RML, Yim CW. Role of Interleukin 6 Inhibitors in the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Clin Rheumatol. 2021 Dec 1;27(8): e516-e524. doi: 10.1097/RHU.0000000 000001293.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Genovese MC, van der Heijde D, Lin Y, et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of sarilumab plus methotrexate on disease activity, physical function and radiographic progression: 5 years of sarilumab plus methotrexate treatment. RMD Open. 2019 Aug 1;5(2): e000887. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2018-000887.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Genovese MC, van der Heijde D, Lin Y, et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of sarilumab plus methotrexate on disease activity, physical function and radiographic progression: 5 years of sarilumab plus methotrexate treatment. RMD Open. 2019 Aug 1;5(2): e000887. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2018-000887.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
