<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mrj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Rheumatology Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1996-7012</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-158X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1996-7012-2025-2-70-77</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mrj-1742</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Коморбидная патология у пациентов с поздней стадией анкилозирующего спондилита</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comorbid pathology in patients with late-stage ankylosing spondylitis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юшина</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yushina</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>630091, Новосибирск, Красный просп., 52</p><p>630005, Новосибирск, ул. Ольги Жилиной, 73</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>52, Krasniy Prospect, Novosibirsk 630091</p><p>73, Olgi Zhilinoy Street, Novosibirsk 630005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зонова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zonova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Владимировна Зонова</p><p>630091, Новосибирск, Красный просп., 52</p><p>630005, Новосибирск, ул. Ольги Жилиной, 73</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena Vladimirovna Zonova</p><p>52, Krasniy Prospect, Novosibirsk 630091</p><p>73, Olgi Zhilinoy Street, Novosibirsk 630005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">elena_zonova@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лукша</surname><given-names>Е. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Luksha</surname><given-names>E. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>630091, Новосибирск, Красный просп., 52</p><p>630047, Новосибирск, ул. Залесского, 6, стр. 7/1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>52, Krasniy Prospect, Novosibirsk 630091</p><p>6, Zalesskogo Street, Build. 7/1, Novosibirsk 630047</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлов</surname><given-names>Д. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlov</surname><given-names>D. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>630005, Новосибирск, ул. Ольги Жилиной, 73</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>73, Olgi Zhilinoy Street, Novosibirsk 630005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рерих</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rerikh</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>630091, Новосибирск, Красный просп., 52</p><p>630091, Новосибирск, ул. Фрунзе, 17</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>52, Krasniy Prospect, Novosibirsk 630091</p><p>17, Frunze Street, Novosibirsk, 630091</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кокшарова</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koksharova</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>630005, Новосибирск, ул. Ольги Жилиной, 73</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>73, Olgi Zhilinoy Street, Novosibirsk 630005</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России; ГАУЗ Новосибирской области «Городская клиническая поликлиника №1», Городской центр клинической иммунологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia; City Clinical Polyclinic №1</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России; ГБУЗ Новосибирской области «Городская клиническая больница №1»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia; City Clinical Hospital No.1</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГАУЗ Новосибирской области «Городская клиническая поликлиника №1», Городской центр клинической иммунологии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Clinical Polyclinic №1</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Новосибирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России; ФГБУ «Новосибирский научно-исследовательский институт травматологии и ортопедии им. Я.Л. Цивьяна» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia; Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after Y. L. Tsivyan</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>70</fpage><lpage>77</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Юшина Е.С., Зонова Е.В., Лукша Е.Б., Орлов Д.Н., Рерих В.В., Кокшарова В.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Юшина Е.С., Зонова Е.В., Лукша Е.Б., Орлов Д.Н., Рерих В.В., Кокшарова В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yushina E.S., Zonova E.V., Luksha E.B., Orlov D.N., Rerikh V.V., Koksharova V.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/1742">https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/1742</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – изучить частоту и особенности коморбидных заболеваний у пациентов с поздней стадией анкилозирующего спондилита (АС).</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследование включено 40 мужчин 33–67 лет с поздней стадией АС (основная группа) и 40 пациентов кардиологического профиля (контрольная группа). У пациентов основной группы изучены клинические характеристики АС. Кроме того, пациентам обеих групп для оценки состояния сердечно-сосудистой системы выполнены эхокардиография (ЭхоКГ) и УЗИ брахиоцефальных артерий (БЦА).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Средний возраст больных составил 49,90±9,44 года, средняя длительность заболевания – 24,07±9,72 года. Гипертонической болезнью (ГБ) страдали 85% пациентов, в основном регистрировались 1-я и 2-я степени артериальной гипертензии (по 37,5%). Индекс массы тела &gt;25 кг/м2 выявлен у 55,0% (n=22) пациентов с превалированием I–II степени ожирения (30,0%, n=12). Гиперхолестеринемия имелась у 62,5% пациентов, повышение уровня холестерина липопротеинов низкой плотности – у 57,5%. Частота сахарного диабета (СД) составила 10%. СД 2-го типа и LADA-диабет встречались в соотношении 1:1 (по 5,0%). Результаты ЭхоКГ и УЗИ БЦА в основной и контрольной группах статистически значимо не различались.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. ГБ и метаболические расстройства занимают ведущее место среди сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ) у больных со стабильной деформацией позвоночника, которая может рассматриваться как дополнительный фактор риска ССЗ. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о необходимости оценки кардиологического риска на раннем этапе АС для профилактики развития ССЗ.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to investigate the frequency and characteristics of comorbid diseases in patients with late-stage ankylosing spondylitis (AS).</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study includes 40 men aged 33–67 with late-stage AS (main group) and 40 patients with a cardiovascular conditions (control group). We analyzed clinical characteristics of AS in patients of the main group. In addition, echocardiography (EcoCG) and ultrasound of brachiocephalic arteries (BCA) were done in patients of both groups to assess patients' cardiovascular condition.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The mean age of the patients was 49.90±9.44 years, and the mean duration of the disease was 24.07±9.72 years. 85% of patients suffered from arterial hypertension (AH), mainly grade 1 and 2 (37.5% each). Body mass index &gt;25 kg/m2 was found in 55.0% (n=22) of patients, predominantly grade 1 and 2 (30.0%, n=12). Hypercholesterolemia was found in 62.5% of patients and an increase in lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol in 57.5%. The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) was 10%. DM type 2 and LADA were found in a ratio of 1:1 (5.0% each). The differences in results of EcoCG and BCA ultrasound in the main and control group were not statistically significant.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. AH and metabolic disorders occupy the leading place among cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in patients with stable spinal deformity, which can be considered as an additional risk factor for CVD. The data obtained indicate the need to assess cardiovascular risks at an early stage of AS to prevent CVD.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>анкилозирующий спондилит</kwd><kwd>поздняя стадия</kwd><kwd>кифоз</kwd><kwd>деформация позвоночника</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистые заболевания</kwd><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>метаболические расстройства</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ankylosing spondylitis</kwd><kwd>late-stage</kwd><kwd>kyphosis</kwd><kwd>spinal deformity</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular disease</kwd><kwd>arterial hypertension</kwd><kwd>metabolic disorders</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Эрдес ШФ, Бадокин ВВ, Бочкова АГ и др. О терминологии спондилоартритов. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2015; 53(6):657-660.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erdes SF, Badokin VV, Bochkova AG, et al. On the terminology of spondyloarthritis. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya. 2015;53(6):657-660. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Эрдес ШФ, Коротаева ТВ. Прогрессирование аксиального спондилоартрита. Современная ревматология. 2021; 15(3):7-14. doi:10.14412/1996-7012-2021-3-7-14</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erdes SF, Korotaeva TV. Progression of axial spondyloarthritis. Sovremennaya Revmatologiya = Modern Rheumatology Journal. 2021; 15(3):7-14. (In Russ.). doi:10.14412/1996-7012-2021-3-7-14</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Эрдес ШФ, Бочкова АГ, Дубинина ТВ и др. Проект рабочей классификации анкилозирующего спондилита. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2013;51(6): 604-8. doi:10.14412/1995-4484-2013-604-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erdes SF, Bochkova AG, Dubinina TV, et al. Project of working classification of ankylosing spondilytis. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya. 2013;51(6):604-8. (In Russ.). doi:10.14412/1995-4484-2013-604-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Braun J, Sieper J. Ankylosing spondylitis. Lancet. 2007 Apr 21;369(9570):1379-90. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60635-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Braun J, Sieper J. Ankylosing spondylitis. Lancet. 2007 Apr 21;369(9570):1379-90. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60635-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang Y, Huang L, Zhao G, et al. Influence of kyphosis in ankylosing spondylitis on cardiopulmonary functions. Medicine. 2023 Oct 27;102(43):e35592. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000035592</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang Y, Huang L, Zhao G, et al. Influence of kyphosis in ankylosing spondylitis on cardiopulmonary functions. Medicine. 2023 Oct 27;102(43):e35592. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000035592</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lorente A, Barrios C, Lorente R, et al. Severe hyperkyphosis reduces the aerobic capacity and maximal exercise tolerance in patients with Scheuermann disease. Spine J. 2019 Feb;19(2):330-8. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2018.07.002. Epub 2018 Jul 17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lorente A, Barrios C, Lorente R, et al. Severe hyperkyphosis reduces the aerobic capacity and maximal exercise tolerance in patients with Scheuermann disease. Spine J. 2019 Feb;19(2):330-8. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2018.07.002. Epub 2018 Jul 17.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szabo SM, Levy AR, Rao SR, et al. In creased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in individuals with ankylosing spondylitis: A population-based study. Arthritis Rheum. 2011 Nov;63(11):3294-304. doi:10.1002/art.30581</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szabo SM, Levy AR, Rao SR, et al. In creased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in individuals with ankylosing spondylitis: A population-based study. Arthritis Rheum. 2011 Nov;63(11):3294-304. doi:10.1002/art.30581</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaprove RE, Hugh Little A, Graham DC, Rosen PS. Ankylosing spondylitis: survival in men with and without radiotherapy. Arthritis Rheum. 1980 Jan;23(1):57-61. doi:10.1002/art.1780230110</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaprove RE, Hugh Little A, Graham DC, Rosen PS. Ankylosing spondylitis: survival in men with and without radiotherapy. Arthritis Rheum. 1980 Jan;23(1):57-61. doi:10.1002/art.1780230110</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moltу A, Etcheto A, Van Der Heijde D, et al. Prevalence of comorbidities and evaluation of their screening in spondyloarthritis: results of the international cross-sectional ASAS-COMOSPA study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016 Jun;75(6):1016-23. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208174. Epub 2015 Oct 21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moltу A, Etcheto A, Van Der Heijde D, et al. Prevalence of comorbidities and evaluation of their screening in spondyloarthritis: results of the international cross-sectional ASAS-COMOSPA study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016 Jun;75(6):1016-23. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208174. Epub 2015 Oct 21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sari I, Okan T, Akar S, et al. Impaired endothelial function in patients with ankylo sing spondylitis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2006 Mar;45(3):283-6. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kei145. Epub 2005 Oct 4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sari I, Okan T, Akar S, et al. Impaired endothelial function in patients with ankylo sing spondylitis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2006 Mar;45(3):283-6. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kei145. Epub 2005 Oct 4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Eijk IC, Peters MJL, Serne EH, et al. Microvascular function is impaired in ankylosing spondylitis and improves after tumour necrosis factor alpha blockade. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009 Mar;68(3):362-6. doi: 10.1136/ard.2007.086777. Epub 2008 Apr 4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Eijk IC, Peters MJL, Serne EH, et al. Microvascular function is impaired in ankylosing spondylitis and improves after tumour necrosis factor alpha blockade. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009 Mar;68(3):362-6. doi: 10.1136/ard.2007.086777. Epub 2008 Apr 4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Leary DH, Polak JF, Kronmal RA, et al. Carotid-artery intima and media thickness as a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke in older adults. Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med. 1999 Jan 7;340(1):14-22. doi:10.1056/nejm199901073400103</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O’Leary DH, Polak JF, Kronmal RA, et al. Carotid-artery intima and media thickness as a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke in older adults. Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group. N Engl J Med. 1999 Jan 7;340(1):14-22. doi:10.1056/nejm199901073400103</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ramiro S, Nikiphorou E, Sepriano A, et al. ASAS-EULAR recommendations for the management of axial spondyloarthritis: 2022 update. Ann Rheum Dis. 2023 Jan;82(1):19-34. doi: 10.1136/ard-2022-223296. Epub 2022 Oct 21</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ramiro S, Nikiphorou E, Sepriano A, et al. ASAS-EULAR recommendations for the management of axial spondyloarthritis: 2022 update. Ann Rheum Dis. 2023 Jan;82(1):19-34. doi: 10.1136/ard-2022-223296. Epub 2022 Oct 21</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baigent C, Bhala N, Emberson J, et al. Vascular and upper gastrointestinal effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: metaanalyses of individual participant data from randomised trials. Lancet. 2013 Aug 31; 382(9894):769-79. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60900-9. Epub 2013 May 30</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baigent C, Bhala N, Emberson J, et al. Vascular and upper gastrointestinal effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: metaanalyses of individual participant data from randomised trials. Lancet. 2013 Aug 31; 382(9894):769-79. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60900-9. Epub 2013 May 30</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haroon NN, Paterson JM, Li P, et al. Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis Have Increased Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Mortality: A Population-Based Study. Ann Intern Med. 2015 Sep 15;163(6):409-16. doi: 10.7326/M14-2470.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haroon NN, Paterson JM, Li P, et al. Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis Have Increased Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Mortality: A Population-Based Study. Ann Intern Med. 2015 Sep 15;163(6):409-16. doi: 10.7326/M14-2470.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bakland G, Gran JT, Nossent JC. Increased mortality in ankylosing spondylitis is related to disease activity. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011 Nov;70(11):1921-5. doi: 10.1136/ard.2011.151191. Epub 2011 Jul 21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bakland G, Gran JT, Nossent JC. Increased mortality in ankylosing spondylitis is related to disease activity. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011 Nov;70(11):1921-5. doi: 10.1136/ard.2011.151191. Epub 2011 Jul 21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Эрдес ШФ, Бочкова АГ, Дубинина ТВ и др. Ранняя диагностика анкилозирующего спондилита. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2013;51(4):365-367.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erdes SF, Bochkova AG, Dubinina TV, et al. Early diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya. 2013; 51(4):365-367. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bengtsson K, Forsblad-D’Elia H, Lie E, et al. Risk of cardiac rhythm disturbances and aortic regurgitation in different spondylo arthritis subtypes in comparison with general population: a register-based study from Sweden. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018 Apr;77(4):541-548. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212189. Epub 2017 Dec 19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bengtsson K, Forsblad-D’Elia H, Lie E, et al. Risk of cardiac rhythm disturbances and aortic regurgitation in different spondylo arthritis subtypes in comparison with general population: a register-based study from Sweden. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018 Apr;77(4):541-548. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212189. Epub 2017 Dec 19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lopez-Medina C, Moltу A. Update on the epidemiology, risk factors, and disease outcomes of axial spondyloarthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2018 Apr;32(2):241-253. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2018.10.006. Epub 2018 Nov 16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lopez-Medina C, Moltу A. Update on the epidemiology, risk factors, and disease outcomes of axial spondyloarthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2018 Apr;32(2):241-253. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2018.10.006. Epub 2018 Nov 16.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shi LH, Lam SH, So H, et al. High inflammatory burden predicts cardiovascular events in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: a long-term follow-up study. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2022 Sep 8:14:1759720X221122401. doi: 10.1177/1759720X221122401. eCollection 2022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shi LH, Lam SH, So H, et al. High inflammatory burden predicts cardiovascular events in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: a long-term follow-up study. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2022 Sep 8:14:1759720X221122401. doi: 10.1177/1759720X221122401. eCollection 2022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Navarini L, Currado D, Marino A, et al. Persistence of C-reactive protein increased levels and high disease activity are predictors of cardiovascular disease in patients with axial spondyloarthritis. Sci Rep. 2022 May 7;12(1): 7498. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-11640-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Navarini L, Currado D, Marino A, et al. Persistence of C-reactive protein increased levels and high disease activity are predictors of cardiovascular disease in patients with axial spondyloarthritis. Sci Rep. 2022 May 7;12(1): 7498. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-11640-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Поддубный ДА, Ребров АП. Кардиоваскулярный риск у больных анкилозирующим спондилитом: роль системного воспаления и дисфункции эндотелия. Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2008;4(5):71-76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poddubny DA, Rebrov AP. Cardiovascular risk in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: the role of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Ratsional'naya farmakoterapiya v kardiologii. 2008;4(5):71-76. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mattar Valente RL, Mattar Valente J, Werner de Castro GT, et al. Subclinical athero sclerosis in ankylosing spondylitis: is there a role for inflammation? Rev Bras Reumatol. 2013 Sep-Oct;53(5):377-81.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mattar Valente RL, Mattar Valente J, Werner de Castro GT, et al. Subclinical athero sclerosis in ankylosing spondylitis: is there a role for inflammation? Rev Bras Reumatol. 2013 Sep-Oct;53(5):377-81.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ozdowska P, Kowalik I, Sadowski K, et al. Patterns of dyslipidemia in young patients with seronegative spondyloarthropathies without cardiovascular. Reumatologia. 2021;59(5): 285-291. doi: 10.5114/reum.2021.110610. Epub 2021 Nov 7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ozdowska P, Kowalik I, Sadowski K, et al. Patterns of dyslipidemia in young patients with seronegative spondyloarthropathies without cardiovascular. Reumatologia. 2021;59(5): 285-291. doi: 10.5114/reum.2021.110610. Epub 2021 Nov 7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liew JW, Reveille JD, Castillo M, et al. Cardiovascular risk scores in axial spondyloarthritis versus the general population: A cross-sectional study. J Rheumatol. 2021 Mar;48(3):361-366. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.200188. Epub 2020 Jul 1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liew JW, Reveille JD, Castillo M, et al. Cardiovascular risk scores in axial spondyloarthritis versus the general population: A cross-sectional study. J Rheumatol. 2021 Mar;48(3):361-366. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.200188. Epub 2020 Jul 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang J, Qi J, Li Y, et al. Association between type 1 diabetes mellitus and ankylosing spondylitis: a two-sample Mendelian randomi zation study. Front Immunol. 2023 Dec 20:14: 1289104. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1289104. eCollection 2023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang J, Qi J, Li Y, et al. Association between type 1 diabetes mellitus and ankylosing spondylitis: a two-sample Mendelian randomi zation study. Front Immunol. 2023 Dec 20:14: 1289104. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1289104. eCollection 2023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medi cal Care in Diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care. 2022 Jan 1;45(Suppl 1):S17-S38. doi: 10.2337/dc22-S002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medi cal Care in Diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care. 2022 Jan 1;45(Suppl 1):S17-S38. doi: 10.2337/dc22-S002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maas F, Arends S, Van Der Veer E, et al. Obesity Is Common in Axial Spondyloarthritis and Is Associated with Poor Clinical Outcome. J Rheumatol. 2016 Feb;43(2):383-7. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.150648. Epub 2015 Dec 15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maas F, Arends S, Van Der Veer E, et al. Obesity Is Common in Axial Spondyloarthritis and Is Associated with Poor Clinical Outcome. J Rheumatol. 2016 Feb;43(2):383-7. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.150648. Epub 2015 Dec 15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen CH, Chen HA, Liu CH, et al. Association of obesity with inflammation, disease severity and cardiovascular risk factors among patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Int J Rheum Dis. 2020 Aug;23(9):1165-1174. doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.13912. Epub 2020 Aug 23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen CH, Chen HA, Liu CH, et al. Association of obesity with inflammation, disease severity and cardiovascular risk factors among patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Int J Rheum Dis. 2020 Aug;23(9):1165-1174. doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.13912. Epub 2020 Aug 23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liew JW, Gianfrancesco MA, Heckbert SR, Gensler LS. Relationship Between Body Mass Index, Disease Activity, and Exercise in Ankylosing Spondylitis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2022 Aug;74(8):1287-1293. doi: 10.1002/acr.24565. Epub 2022 Apr 26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liew JW, Gianfrancesco MA, Heckbert SR, Gensler LS. Relationship Between Body Mass Index, Disease Activity, and Exercise in Ankylosing Spondylitis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2022 Aug;74(8):1287-1293. doi: 10.1002/acr.24565. Epub 2022 Apr 26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kesikburun B, Eksioglu E, Cakci A. Meta bolic Syndrome in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis Romatoid Artrit ve Ankilozan Spondilitli Hastalarda Metabolik Sendrom. Ankara Med J. 2018;(2):198-206. doi: 1017098/amj.435258</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kesikburun B, Eksioglu E, Cakci A. Meta bolic Syndrome in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis Romatoid Artrit ve Ankilozan Spondilitli Hastalarda Metabolik Sendrom. Ankara Med J. 2018;(2):198-206. doi: 1017098/amj.435258</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bayartai ME, Luomajoki H, Tringali G, et al. Differences in spinal posture and mobility between adults with obesity and normal weight individuals. Sci Rep. 2023 Aug 17;13(1): 13409. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-40470-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bayartai ME, Luomajoki H, Tringali G, et al. Differences in spinal posture and mobility between adults with obesity and normal weight individuals. Sci Rep. 2023 Aug 17;13(1): 13409. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-40470-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arima H, Togawa D, Hasegawa T, et al. Hypertension Is Related to Positive Global Sagittal Alignment: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study. Asian Spine J. 2019 Dec 31;13(6): 895-903. doi: 10.31616/asj.2018.0308. Epub 2019 Jul 9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arima H, Togawa D, Hasegawa T, et al. Hypertension Is Related to Positive Global Sagittal Alignment: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study. Asian Spine J. 2019 Dec 31;13(6): 895-903. doi: 10.31616/asj.2018.0308. Epub 2019 Jul 9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Almasi S, Farahani B, Samiei N, et al. Echocardiographic and Electrocardiographic Findings in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis without Cardiovascular Risk Factors. J Tehran Heart Cent. 2020 Apr;15(2): 43-49. doi: 10.18502/jthc.v15i2.4182.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Almasi S, Farahani B, Samiei N, et al. Echocardiographic and Electrocardiographic Findings in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis without Cardiovascular Risk Factors. J Tehran Heart Cent. 2020 Apr;15(2): 43-49. doi: 10.18502/jthc.v15i2.4182.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yuan Y, Yang J, Zhang X, et al. Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analysis. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2019 Mar 1;26(3):260-71. doi: 10.5551/jat.45294. Epub 2018 Aug 8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yuan Y, Yang J, Zhang X, et al. Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analysis. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2019 Mar 1;26(3):260-71. doi: 10.5551/jat.45294. Epub 2018 Aug 8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
