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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mrj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Rheumatology Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1996-7012</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-158X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1996-7012-2026-1-131-139</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mrj-1920</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Патология сухожилий и связок в практике ревматолога и травматолога-ортопеда. Описательный обзор</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Tendon and ligament disorders in the practice of a rheumatologist and traumatologist-orthopedist. Descriptive review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1391-0711</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каратеев</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karateev</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Евгеньевич Каратеев</p><p>Россия, 115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey Evgenyevich Karateev </p><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aekarat@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7179-8174</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нестеренко</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nesterenko</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Россия, 115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522, Russia</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>131</fpage><lpage>139</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Каратеев А.Е., Нестеренко В.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Каратеев А.Е., Нестеренко В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karateev A.E., Nesterenko V.A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/1920">https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/1920</self-uri><abstract><p>Поражение сухожилий и связок – распространенная ревматическая патология, одна из наиболее частых причин развития хронической скелетно-мышечной боли, сопровождающейся серьезными нарушениями функции и снижением качества жизни. Данная патология может носить локальный характер и рассматриваться как самостоятельная нозологическая форма (синдром сдавления ротатора плеча, латеральный эпикондилит, тендинит собственной связки надколенника и др.) или быть проявлением системного иммуновоспалительного ревматического заболевания (наиболее характерно для спондилоартритов). Патогенез тендино-, лигаменто- и энтезопатии определяется локальным разрушением коллагеновых волокон, кратковременной воспалительной реакцией и дегенеративными изменениями (фиброз, неоангиогенез, спраутинг аксонов, гетеротопическая оссификация), которые существенно ухудшают биомеханику и повышают риск повторного повреждения. Хронизация боли при данной патологии связана с сенситизацией ноцицепторов, вызванной гиперпродукцией нейротрофических факторов. Факторами риска тендино- и лигаментопатии являются травматизация, сахарный диабет 2-го типа, кардиоваскулярная патология, курение. Лечение патологии сухожилий и связок носит комплексный характер и включает фармакологические и немедикаментозные методы. К первым относятся нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты, локальная инъекционная терапия глюкокортикоидами, гиалуроновой кислотой, обогащенной тромбоцитами плазмой. В ряде случаев применяют миорелаксанты, антидепрессанты, антиконвульсанты, медленнодействующие симптоматические средства, препараты ботулотоксина. Новым направлением комплексной терапии тендино- и лигаментопатий является использование специализированных биологически активных добавок, оказывающих обезболивающий, противовоспалительный и репаративный эффект.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Tendon and ligament involvement is a common rheumatic pathology and one of the most frequent causes of chronic musculoskeletal pain, accompanied by significant functional impairment and reduced quality of life. These disorders may be localized and regarded as an independent nosological entity (rotator cuff impingement syndrome, lateral epicondylitis, patellar tendonitis, etc.) or represent a manifestation of a systemic immune-mediated inflammatory rheumatic disease (most typically in spondyloarthritis). The pathogenesis of tendino-, ligamento-, and enthesopathy is determined by local destruction of collagen fibers, a short-term inflammatory reaction, and degenerative changes (fibrosis, neoangiogenesis, axonal sprouting, heterotopic ossification) that substantially worsen biomechanics and increase the risk of recurrent injury. Pain chronicity in this disorders is associated with sensitization of nociceptors caused by hyperproduction of neurotrophic factors. Risk factors for tendino- and ligamentopathy include trauma, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular pathology, and smoking. Treatment of tendon and ligament disorders is complex and includes pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. The former includes nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, local injection therapy with glucocorticoids, hyaluronic acid, and platelet-rich plasma. In some cases, muscle relaxants, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, slow-acting symptomatic agents, and botulinum toxin preparations are used. A new direction in the comprehensive therapy of tendino- and ligamentopathies is the use of specialized dietary supplements with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and reparative effects.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>связки</kwd><kwd>сухожилия</kwd><kwd>энтезисы</kwd><kwd>патология</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ligaments</kwd><kwd>tendons</kwd><kwd>entheses</kwd><kwd>disorder</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Статья спонсируется компанией «Др. Редди’с Лабораторис».</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This article has been supported by Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tam KT, Baar K. 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