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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mrj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Rheumatology Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1996-7012</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-158X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1996-7012-2026-2-90-99</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mrj-1963</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экзосомы – новое направление в лечении остеоартрита. Описательный обзор</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Exosomes: a new approach in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Descriptive review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6068-3080</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лила</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lila</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А </p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522 </p><p>2/1, Barrikadnaya Street, Build. 1, Moscow 125993 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1391-0711</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каратеев</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karateev</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Евгеньевич Каратеев </p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey Evgenyevich Karateev </p><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aekarat@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7017-0898</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеева</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseeva</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А </p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522 </p><p>2/1, Barrikadnaya Street, Build. 1, Moscow 125993 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8218-3223</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Таскина</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Taskina</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4579-2836</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зоткин</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zotkin</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой» ; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology ; Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education, Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>90</fpage><lpage>99</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лила А.М., Каратеев А.Е., Алексеева Л.И., Таскина Е.А., Зоткин Е.Г., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лила А.М., Каратеев А.Е., Алексеева Л.И., Таскина Е.А., Зоткин Е.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lila A.M., Karateev A.E., Alekseeva L.I., Taskina E.A., Zotkin E.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/1963">https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/1963</self-uri><abstract><p>Экзосома (ЭС) – окруженная двуслойной липидной мембраной везикула 30–100 нм, содержащая цитоплазму и биологически активные субстанции, такие как молекулы адгезии, ферменты, факторы роста, микроРНК. ЭС продуцируются различными типами клеток и участвуют в естественной регуляции широкого спектра процессов, требующих межклеточного взаимодействия (воспаление, инфекция, репарация и др.). Свойства и биологическая роль ЭС зависят от клеточного источника. ЭС, продуцируемые мезенхимальными стволовыми клетками (МСК), могут оказывать выраженное позитивное действие при многих патологических состояниях, подавляя воспалительную реакцию, апоптоз, стимулируя регенерацию клеток, анаболические процессы и восстановление межклеточного матрикса после повреждения. В последние годы, после разработки методологии выделения, концентрации и модификации ЭС, эти частицы привлекают большой интерес в качестве терапевтического агента при широком круге заболеваний, в том числе при остеоартрите (ОА). Многие эксперты рассматривают ЭС как перспективную «бесклеточную альтернативу» клеточным технологиям, широко используемым при этом заболевании. Важным преимуществом ЭС, полученных из МСК, является низкая иммуногенность, что позволяет обсуждать возможность их аллогенного введения. В обзоре рассматриваются биологические свойства ЭС, способы их получения и биологической инженерии, результаты применения при моделировании ОА in vitro и на лабораторных моделях, первый опыт аллогенного использования в клинической практике.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>An exosome (Exo) is a vesicle 30–100 nm in size surrounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and containing cytoplasm and biologically active substances such as adhesion molecules, enzymes, growth factors, and microRNAs. Exos are produced by various cell types and are involved in the natural regulation of a wide range of processes requiring intercellular interaction (inflammation, infection, repair, etc.). The properties and biological role of Exos depend on the cellular source. Exos produced by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may exert pronounced beneficial effects in many conditions by suppressing inflammation and apoptosis and by stimulating cell regeneration, anabolic processes, and restoration of the extracellular matrix after injury. In recent years, following the development of methodologies for the isolation, concentration, and modification of Exos, these particles have attracted considerable interest as a therapeutic agent for a wide range of diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA). Many experts consider Exos a promising “cell-free alternative” to cell technologies widely used for this disease. An important advantage of MSCderived Exos is low immunogenicity, which makes it possible to consider their allogeneic administration. This review discusses the biological properties of Exos, methods of their production and bioengineering, results of their use in vitro OA modeling and in laboratory models, and the first experience of allogeneic use in clinical practice.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экзосомы</kwd><kwd>мезенхимальные стволовые клетки</kwd><kwd>микроРНК</kwd><kwd>остеоартрит</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd><kwd>эффективность</kwd><kwd>безопасность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>exosomes</kwd><kwd>mesenchymal stem cells</kwd><kwd>microRNA</kwd><kwd>osteoarthritis</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd><kwd>efficacy</kwd><kwd>safety</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лила АМ, Алексеева ЛИ, Таскина ЕА, Кашеварова НГ. Современный алгоритм лечения остеоартрита. 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