<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mrj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Rheumatology Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1996-7012</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-158X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1996-7012-2012-716</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mrj-401</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Искусство лечения остеопороза: бисфосфонаты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The art of treating osteoporosis: Bisphosphonates</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазуренко</surname><given-names>С. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazurenko</surname><given-names>Sergey Olegovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">dr_mazurenko@mail.ru</email></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>03</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>№1 (2012)</issue-title><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мазуренко С.О., 2012</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мазуренко С.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mazurenko S.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/401">https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/401</self-uri></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;NIH Consensus Development Conference on Osteoporosis: Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy. JAMA 2000; 287: 785—95.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Russell R.G. Bisphosphonates: the first 40 years. Bone 2011; 49(1): 2—19.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Blomen L.J.M.J. History of the bisphosphonates: discovery and history of the nonmedical uses of bisphosphonates. In: Bijvoet O.L.M., Fleisch H.A., Canfield R.E., Russell R.G.G. (ed.). Bisphosponate on Bones. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1995; 111—24.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Russell R.G.G. Bisphosphonates: from bench to bedside. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1068: 367—401.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;McClung M.R. Bisphosphonates. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2003; 32: 253—71.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bergstrom J.D., Bostedor R.G., Masarachia P.J. et al. Alendronate is a specific, nanomolar inhibitor of farnesyl diphosphate synthase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2000; 373: 231—41.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Luckman S.P., Hughes D.E., Coxon F.P. et al. Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates inhibit mevalonate pathway and prevent post-translational prenylation of GTP-binding proteins, including Ras. J Bone Miner Res 1998; 13: 581—9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Boonekamp P.M., van der Wee-Pals L.J.A., van Wijk—van Lennep M.L.L. et al. Two modes of action of bisphosphonates on osteoclastic resorption of mineralized matrix. Bone Miner 1986; 1: 27—39.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lowik C.W.G.M., van der Pluijm G., van der Wee-Pals L.J.A. et al. Migration and phenotypic transformation of osteoclast precursors into mature osteoclasts: the effect of a bisphosphonate. J Bone Miner Res 1988; 3: 185—92.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Plotkin L.I., Weinstein R.S., Parfitt A.M. et al. Prevention of osteocyte and osteoblast apoptosis by bisphosphonates and calcitonin. J Clin Invest 1999; 104: 1363—74.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Russell R.G., Watts N.B., Ebetino F.H. et al. Mechanisms of action of bisphosphonates: similarities and differences and their potential influence on clinical efficacy. Osteoporos Int 2008; 19: 733—59.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Russell R.G.G. Bisphosphonates: Mode of Action and Pharmacology. Pediatrics 2007; 119(Suppl.): S150—S162.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Green J.R., Mueller K., Jaeggi K.A. Preclinical pharmacology of CGP42'446, a new, potent, heterocyclic bisphosphonate compound. J Bone Miner Res 1994; 9: 745—51.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Raisz L.G. Pathogenesis of osteoporosis: concepts, conflicts, and prospects. J Clin Invest 2005; 115: 3318—25.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Seeman E., Delmas P.D. Bone quality — the material and structural basis of bone strength and fragility. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 2250—61.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Khosla S. Pathogenesis of osteoporosis. In: Robertson R.P. (ed.). Translational endocrinology &amp;amp; metabolism: osteoporosis update. Chevy Chase: The Endocrine Society 2010; 55—86.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Остеопороз. Диагностика, профилактика и лечение. Под ред. О.М. Лесняк, Л.И. Беневоленской. 2-е изд. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2009; 272 с.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Camacho P., Miller P. Pathogenesis. In: Osteoporosis: A Guide for Clinicians. Philadelphia PA: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, 2007; 226.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Black D.M., Cummings S.R., Karpf D.B. et al. Randomised trial of effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with existing vertebral fractures. Lancet 1996; 348: 1535—41.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cummings S.R., Black D.M., Thompson D.E. et al. Effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with low bone density but without vertebral fractures: results from the Fracture Intervention Trial. JAMA 1998; 280: 2077—82.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bone H., Hosling D., Devogelaer J.P. et al. Ten yearsX experience with alendronate for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 1189—99.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reginster J., Minne H.W., Sorensen O.H. et al. Randomized trial of the effects of rise-dronate on vertebral fractures in women with established postmenopausal osteoporosis. Vertebral Efficacy with Risedronate Therapy (VERT) Study Group. Osteoporos Int 2000; 11: 83—91.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;McClung M.R., Geusens P., Miller P.D. et al. Effect of risedronate on the risk of hip fracture in elderly women. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 333—40.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chestnut C.H. III, Skag A., Christiansen C. et al. Effects of oral ibandronate administered daily or intermittently on fracture risk in postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 2004; 19: 1241—9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Black D.M., Delmas P.D., Eastell R. et al. Once-yearly zoledronic acid for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 2007; 356: 1809—22.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Compston J. Treatments for osteoporosis — looking beyond the HORIZON (editorial). N Engl J Med 2007; 356: 1878—80.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Clunie G., Keen R. Osteoporosis. Oxford University Press, 2007; 208.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Binkley N. Osteoporosis in men. Arq Bras Endocrin Metab 2006; 50: 764—74.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Orwoll E., Ettinger M., Weiss S. et al. Alendronate for the treatment of osteoporosis in men. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 604—10.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sato Y., Iwamoto J., Kanoko T. et al. Risedronate sodium therapy for prevention of hip fracture in men 65 years or older after stroke. Arch Intern Med 2005; 165: 1743—8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lyles K.W., Colon-Emeric C.S., Magaziner J.S. et al. Zoledronic acid in reducing clinical fractures and mortality after hip fracture. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 1799—809.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Weinstein R.S., Jilka R.L., Parfitt A.M. et al. Inhibition of osteoblastogenesis and promotion of apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes by glucocorticoids: potential mechanisms of their deleterious effects on bone. J Clin Invest 1998; 102: 274—82.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;O'Brien C.A., Jia D., Plotkin L.I. et al. Glucocorticoids act directly on osteoblasts and osteocytes to induce their apoptosis and reduce bone formation and strength. Endocrinology 2004; 145: 1835—41.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Seeman E., Delmas P.D. Bone quality — the material and structural basis of bone strength and fragility. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 2250—61.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jia D., O'Brien C.A., Stewart S.A. et al. Glucocorticoids act directly on osteoclasts to increase their life span and reduce bone density. Endocrinology 2006; 147: 5592—9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Adler R.A., Curtis J.R., Saag K. et al. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. In: Marcus R., Feldman D., Nelsen D.A., Rosen C.J. (ed.). Osteoporosis. 3rd ed. San Diego, CA: Elsevier-Academic Press, 2008; 1135—66.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Adachi J.D., Saag K.G., Delmas P.D. et al. Two-year effects of alendronate on bone mineral density and vertebral fracture in patients receiving glucocorticoids: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled extension trial. Arthr Rheum 2001; 44: 202—11.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reid D.M., Hughes R.A., Laan R.F. et al. Efficacy and safety of daily risedronate in the treatment of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis in men and women: a randomized trial. J Bone Miner Res 2000; 15: 1006—13.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reid D.M., Devogelaer J.-P., Saag K. et al. Zoledronic acid and risedronate in the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (HORIZON): a multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2009; 373: 1253—63.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Devogelaer J.-P., Goemaere S., Boonen S. et al. Evidence-based guidelines for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: a consensus document of the Belgian Bone Club. Osteopor Int 2006; 17: 8—19.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Eastell R., Reid D.M., Compston J. et al. A UK Consensus Group on management of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: an update. J Intern Med 1998; 2446271—92.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nishimura J., Ikuyama S. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: pathogenesis and management. J Bone Miner Metab 2000; 18: 350—2.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Weinstein R.S. Glucocorticoid-Induced Bone Disease. N Engl J Med 2011; 365: 62—70.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Emkey R., Delmas P.D., Goemaere S. et al. Changes in bone mineral density following discontinuation or continuation of alendronate therapy in glucocorticoid-treated patients: a retrospective, observational study. Arthr Rheum 2003; 48: 1102—8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Boonen S., Autier P., Barette M. et al. Functional outcome and quality of life following hip fracture in elderly women: a one-year prospective controlled study. Osteopor Int 2004; 15: 87—94.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Adachi J.D., Ioannidis G., Berger C. et al. The influence of osteoporotic fractures on health related quality of life in community-dwelling men and women across Canada. Osteopor Int 2001; 12: 903—8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Magaziner J., Lydick E., Hawkes W. et al. Excess mortality attributable to hip fracture in white women aged 70 years and older. Am J Public Health 1997; 87: 1630—6.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hannan E.L., Magaziner J., Wang J.J. et al. Mortality and locomotion 6 months after hospitalization for hip fracture: risk factors and risk-adjusted hospital outcomes. JAMA 2001; 285: 2736—42.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Davidson C.W., Merrilees M.J. Wilkinson T.J. et al. Hip fracture mortality and morbidity — can we do better? N Z Med J 2001; 114: 329—32.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Colon-Emeric C., Kuchibhatla M., Pieper C. et al. The contribution of hip fracture to risk of subsequent fracture: data from two longitudinal studies. Osteopor Int 2003; 14: 879—83.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lyles K.W., Colоn-Emeric C.S., Magaziner J.S. et al. Zoledronic Acid and Clinical Fractures and Mortality after Hip Fracture. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 1799—809.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kamel H.K., Hussain M.S., Tariq S. et al. Failure to diagnose and treat osteoporosis in elderly patients hospitalized with hip fracture. Am J Med 2000; 109: 326—8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kiebzak G.M., Beinart G.A., Perser K. et al. Undertreatment of osteoporosis in men with hip fracture. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162: 2217—22.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lyles K.W., Cokrn-Emeric C.S., Magaziner J.S. et al. Zolendronic acid and clinical fractures and mortality after hip fracture. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 1799—809.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Colon-Emeric C., Nordsletten L., Olson S. et al. Association between timing of zoledronic acid infusion and hip fracture healing. Osteopor Int 2011; 22: 2329—36.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Мазуренко С.О. Метаболические заболевания костей. Диагностика и лечение. СПб.: Изд-во С.-Петербургского унта, 2007; 48 с.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ribeiro A., DeVault K.R., Wolfe J.T. III. et al. Alendronate-associated esophagitis: endoscopic and pathologic features. Gastrointest Endosc 1998; 47: 525—8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Holick M.F.. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 266—81.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tang B.M., Eslick G.D., Nowson C. et al. Use of calcium or calcium in combination with vitamin D supplementation to prevent fractures and bone loss in people aged 50 years and older: a meta-analysis. Lancet 2007; 370(9588): 657—66.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bilezikian J.P. Osteonecrosis of the jaw — do bisphosphonates pose a risk? N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 2278—81.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Мазуренко С.О. Диагностика и лечение остеопороза в общей клинической практике. Рук-во для врачей. СПб.: Изд-во С.-Петербургского ун-та, 2010; 56 с.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lewiecki E.M., Miller P.D. Renal safety of intravenous bisphosphonates in the treatment of osteoporosis. Exp Opin Drug Saf 2007; 6: 663—72.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Boonen S., Sellmeyer D.E., Lippuner K. et al. Renal safety of annual zoledronic acid infusions in osteoporotic postmenopausal women. Kidney Int 2008; 74: 641—8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fleisch H. Bisphosphonates in bone dis ease: from the laboratory to the patient. 4th ed. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 2000; 42.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Grossman J.M., Gordon R., Ranganath V.K. et al. American College of Rheumatology 2010 recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Arthr Care Res (Hoboken) 2010; 62: 1515—26.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;McClung M., Miller P., Recknor C. et al. Zoledronic acid for the prevention of bone loss in postmenopausal women with low bone mass: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2009; 114: 999—1007.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Huybrechts K.F., Ishak K.J., Caro J.J. Assessment of compliance with osteoporosis treatment and its consequences in a managed care population. Bone 2006; 38: 922—8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Siris E.S., Harris S.T., Rosen C.J. et al. Adherence to bisphosphonate therapy and fracture rates in osteoporotic women: relationship to vertebral and nonvertebral fractures from 2 US claims databases. Mayo Clin Proc 2006; 81: 1013—22.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Strampel W., Emkey R., Civitelli R. Safety considerations with bisphosphonates for the treatment of osteoporosis. Drug Saf 2007; 30: 755—63.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Odvina C.V., Zerwekh J.E., Rao D.S. et al. Severely suppressed bone turnover: a potential complication of alendronate therapy. J Clin Endocrin Metab 2005; 90: 1294—301.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Stepan J.J., Burr D.B., Pavo I. et al. Low bone mineral density is associated with bone microdamage accumulation in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Bone 2007; 41: 378—85.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Recker R.R., Delmas P.D., Halse J. et al. Effects of Intravenous Zoledronic Acid Once Yearly on Bone Remodeling and Bone Structure. J Bone Min Res 2008; 23: 6—16.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Park-Wyllie L.Y., Mamdani M.M., Juurlink D.N. et al. Bisphosphonate use and the risk of subtrochanteric or femoral shaft fractures in older women. JAMA 2011; 305: 783—9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Shane E., Burr D., Ebeling P.R. et al. Atypical subtrochanteric and diaphyseal femoral fractures: Report of a task force of the american society for bone and mineral Research. J Bone Min Res 2010; 25: 2267—94.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Watts N.B., Bilezikian J.P., Camacho P.M. et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists Medical Guidelines for Clinical Practice for the diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Endocrinol Pract 2010; 16(Suppl. 3): S1—S37.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lyles K.W., Colon-Emeric C.S., Magaziner J.S. et al. Zoledronic acid and clinical fractures and mortality after hip fracture. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 1799—809.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sambrook P.N., Cameron I.D., Chen J.S. et al. Oral bisphosphonates are associated with reduced mortality in frail older people: a prospective five-year study. Osteopor Int 2011; 22: 2551—6.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;NIH Consensus Development Conference on Osteoporosis: Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy. JAMA 2000; 287: 785—95.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Russell R.G. Bisphosphonates: the first 40 years. Bone 2011; 49(1): 2—19.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Blomen L.J.M.J. History of the bisphosphonates: discovery and history of the nonmedical uses of bisphosphonates. In: Bijvoet O.L.M., Fleisch H.A., Canfield R.E., Russell R.G.G. (ed.). Bisphosponate on Bones. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1995; 111—24.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Russell R.G.G. Bisphosphonates: from bench to bedside. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1068: 367—401.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;McClung M.R. Bisphosphonates. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2003; 32: 253—71.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bergstrom J.D., Bostedor R.G., Masarachia P.J. et al. Alendronate is a specific, nanomolar inhibitor of farnesyl diphosphate synthase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2000; 373: 231—41.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Luckman S.P., Hughes D.E., Coxon F.P. et al. Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates inhibit mevalonate pathway and prevent post-translational prenylation of GTP-binding proteins, including Ras. J Bone Miner Res 1998; 13: 581—9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Boonekamp P.M., van der Wee-Pals L.J.A., van Wijk—van Lennep M.L.L. et al. Two modes of action of bisphosphonates on osteoclastic resorption of mineralized matrix. Bone Miner 1986; 1: 27—39.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lowik C.W.G.M., van der Pluijm G., van der Wee-Pals L.J.A. et al. Migration and phenotypic transformation of osteoclast precursors into mature osteoclasts: the effect of a bisphosphonate. J Bone Miner Res 1988; 3: 185—92.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Plotkin L.I., Weinstein R.S., Parfitt A.M. et al. Prevention of osteocyte and osteoblast apoptosis by bisphosphonates and calcitonin. J Clin Invest 1999; 104: 1363—74.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Russell R.G., Watts N.B., Ebetino F.H. et al. Mechanisms of action of bisphosphonates: similarities and differences and their potential influence on clinical efficacy. Osteoporos Int 2008; 19: 733—59.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Russell R.G.G. Bisphosphonates: Mode of Action and Pharmacology. Pediatrics 2007; 119(Suppl.): S150—S162.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Green J.R., Mueller K., Jaeggi K.A. Preclinical pharmacology of CGP42'446, a new, potent, heterocyclic bisphosphonate compound. J Bone Miner Res 1994; 9: 745—51.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Raisz L.G. Pathogenesis of osteoporosis: concepts, conflicts, and prospects. J Clin Invest 2005; 115: 3318—25.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Seeman E., Delmas P.D. Bone quality — the material and structural basis of bone strength and fragility. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 2250—61.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Khosla S. Pathogenesis of osteoporosis. In: Robertson R.P. (ed.). Translational endocrinology &amp;amp; metabolism: osteoporosis update. Chevy Chase: The Endocrine Society 2010; 55—86.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Остеопороз. Диагностика, профилактика и лечение. Под ред. О.М. Лесняк, Л.И. Беневоленской. 2-е изд. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2009; 272 с.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Camacho P., Miller P. Pathogenesis. In: Osteoporosis: A Guide for Clinicians. Philadelphia PA: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, 2007; 226.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Black D.M., Cummings S.R., Karpf D.B. et al. Randomised trial of effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with existing vertebral fractures. Lancet 1996; 348: 1535—41.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cummings S.R., Black D.M., Thompson D.E. et al. Effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with low bone density but without vertebral fractures: results from the Fracture Intervention Trial. JAMA 1998; 280: 2077—82.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bone H., Hosling D., Devogelaer J.P. et al. Ten yearsX experience with alendronate for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 1189—99.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reginster J., Minne H.W., Sorensen O.H. et al. Randomized trial of the effects of rise-dronate on vertebral fractures in women with established postmenopausal osteoporosis. Vertebral Efficacy with Risedronate Therapy (VERT) Study Group. Osteoporos Int 2000; 11: 83—91.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;McClung M.R., Geusens P., Miller P.D. et al. Effect of risedronate on the risk of hip fracture in elderly women. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 333—40.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chestnut C.H. III, Skag A., Christiansen C. et al. Effects of oral ibandronate administered daily or intermittently on fracture risk in postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 2004; 19: 1241—9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Black D.M., Delmas P.D., Eastell R. et al. Once-yearly zoledronic acid for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 2007; 356: 1809—22.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Compston J. Treatments for osteoporosis — looking beyond the HORIZON (editorial). N Engl J Med 2007; 356: 1878—80.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Clunie G., Keen R. Osteoporosis. Oxford University Press, 2007; 208.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Binkley N. Osteoporosis in men. Arq Bras Endocrin Metab 2006; 50: 764—74.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Orwoll E., Ettinger M., Weiss S. et al. Alendronate for the treatment of osteoporosis in men. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 604—10.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sato Y., Iwamoto J., Kanoko T. et al. Risedronate sodium therapy for prevention of hip fracture in men 65 years or older after stroke. Arch Intern Med 2005; 165: 1743—8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lyles K.W., Colon-Emeric C.S., Magaziner J.S. et al. Zoledronic acid in reducing clinical fractures and mortality after hip fracture. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 1799—809.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Weinstein R.S., Jilka R.L., Parfitt A.M. et al. Inhibition of osteoblastogenesis and promotion of apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes by glucocorticoids: potential mechanisms of their deleterious effects on bone. J Clin Invest 1998; 102: 274—82.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;O'Brien C.A., Jia D., Plotkin L.I. et al. Glucocorticoids act directly on osteoblasts and osteocytes to induce their apoptosis and reduce bone formation and strength. Endocrinology 2004; 145: 1835—41.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Seeman E., Delmas P.D. Bone quality — the material and structural basis of bone strength and fragility. N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 2250—61.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jia D., O'Brien C.A., Stewart S.A. et al. Glucocorticoids act directly on osteoclasts to increase their life span and reduce bone density. Endocrinology 2006; 147: 5592—9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Adler R.A., Curtis J.R., Saag K. et al. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. In: Marcus R., Feldman D., Nelsen D.A., Rosen C.J. (ed.). Osteoporosis. 3rd ed. San Diego, CA: Elsevier-Academic Press, 2008; 1135—66.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Adachi J.D., Saag K.G., Delmas P.D. et al. Two-year effects of alendronate on bone mineral density and vertebral fracture in patients receiving glucocorticoids: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled extension trial. Arthr Rheum 2001; 44: 202—11.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reid D.M., Hughes R.A., Laan R.F. et al. Efficacy and safety of daily risedronate in the treatment of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis in men and women: a randomized trial. J Bone Miner Res 2000; 15: 1006—13.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reid D.M., Devogelaer J.-P., Saag K. et al. Zoledronic acid and risedronate in the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (HORIZON): a multicentre, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2009; 373: 1253—63.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Devogelaer J.-P., Goemaere S., Boonen S. et al. Evidence-based guidelines for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: a consensus document of the Belgian Bone Club. Osteopor Int 2006; 17: 8—19.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Eastell R., Reid D.M., Compston J. et al. A UK Consensus Group on management of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: an update. J Intern Med 1998; 2446271—92.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nishimura J., Ikuyama S. Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: pathogenesis and management. J Bone Miner Metab 2000; 18: 350—2.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Weinstein R.S. Glucocorticoid-Induced Bone Disease. N Engl J Med 2011; 365: 62—70.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Emkey R., Delmas P.D., Goemaere S. et al. Changes in bone mineral density following discontinuation or continuation of alendronate therapy in glucocorticoid-treated patients: a retrospective, observational study. Arthr Rheum 2003; 48: 1102—8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Boonen S., Autier P., Barette M. et al. Functional outcome and quality of life following hip fracture in elderly women: a one-year prospective controlled study. Osteopor Int 2004; 15: 87—94.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Adachi J.D., Ioannidis G., Berger C. et al. The influence of osteoporotic fractures on health related quality of life in community-dwelling men and women across Canada. Osteopor Int 2001; 12: 903—8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Magaziner J., Lydick E., Hawkes W. et al. Excess mortality attributable to hip fracture in white women aged 70 years and older. Am J Public Health 1997; 87: 1630—6.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hannan E.L., Magaziner J., Wang J.J. et al. Mortality and locomotion 6 months after hospitalization for hip fracture: risk factors and risk-adjusted hospital outcomes. JAMA 2001; 285: 2736—42.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Davidson C.W., Merrilees M.J. Wilkinson T.J. et al. Hip fracture mortality and morbidity — can we do better? N Z Med J 2001; 114: 329—32.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Colon-Emeric C., Kuchibhatla M., Pieper C. et al. The contribution of hip fracture to risk of subsequent fracture: data from two longitudinal studies. Osteopor Int 2003; 14: 879—83.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lyles K.W., Colоn-Emeric C.S., Magaziner J.S. et al. Zoledronic Acid and Clinical Fractures and Mortality after Hip Fracture. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 1799—809.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kamel H.K., Hussain M.S., Tariq S. et al. Failure to diagnose and treat osteoporosis in elderly patients hospitalized with hip fracture. Am J Med 2000; 109: 326—8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kiebzak G.M., Beinart G.A., Perser K. et al. Undertreatment of osteoporosis in men with hip fracture. Arch Intern Med 2002; 162: 2217—22.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lyles K.W., Cokrn-Emeric C.S., Magaziner J.S. et al. Zolendronic acid and clinical fractures and mortality after hip fracture. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 1799—809.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Colon-Emeric C., Nordsletten L., Olson S. et al. Association between timing of zoledronic acid infusion and hip fracture healing. Osteopor Int 2011; 22: 2329—36.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Мазуренко С.О. Метаболические заболевания костей. Диагностика и лечение. СПб.: Изд-во С.-Петербургского унта, 2007; 48 с.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ribeiro A., DeVault K.R., Wolfe J.T. III. et al. Alendronate-associated esophagitis: endoscopic and pathologic features. Gastrointest Endosc 1998; 47: 525—8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Holick M.F.. Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 266—81.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tang B.M., Eslick G.D., Nowson C. et al. Use of calcium or calcium in combination with vitamin D supplementation to prevent fractures and bone loss in people aged 50 years and older: a meta-analysis. Lancet 2007; 370(9588): 657—66.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bilezikian J.P. Osteonecrosis of the jaw — do bisphosphonates pose a risk? N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 2278—81.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Мазуренко С.О. Диагностика и лечение остеопороза в общей клинической практике. Рук-во для врачей. СПб.: Изд-во С.-Петербургского ун-та, 2010; 56 с.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lewiecki E.M., Miller P.D. Renal safety of intravenous bisphosphonates in the treatment of osteoporosis. Exp Opin Drug Saf 2007; 6: 663—72.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Boonen S., Sellmeyer D.E., Lippuner K. et al. Renal safety of annual zoledronic acid infusions in osteoporotic postmenopausal women. Kidney Int 2008; 74: 641—8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fleisch H. Bisphosphonates in bone dis ease: from the laboratory to the patient. 4th ed. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 2000; 42.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Grossman J.M., Gordon R., Ranganath V.K. et al. American College of Rheumatology 2010 recommendations for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Arthr Care Res (Hoboken) 2010; 62: 1515—26.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;McClung M., Miller P., Recknor C. et al. Zoledronic acid for the prevention of bone loss in postmenopausal women with low bone mass: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2009; 114: 999—1007.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Huybrechts K.F., Ishak K.J., Caro J.J. Assessment of compliance with osteoporosis treatment and its consequences in a managed care population. Bone 2006; 38: 922—8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Siris E.S., Harris S.T., Rosen C.J. et al. Adherence to bisphosphonate therapy and fracture rates in osteoporotic women: relationship to vertebral and nonvertebral fractures from 2 US claims databases. Mayo Clin Proc 2006; 81: 1013—22.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Strampel W., Emkey R., Civitelli R. Safety considerations with bisphosphonates for the treatment of osteoporosis. Drug Saf 2007; 30: 755—63.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Odvina C.V., Zerwekh J.E., Rao D.S. et al. Severely suppressed bone turnover: a potential complication of alendronate therapy. J Clin Endocrin Metab 2005; 90: 1294—301.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Stepan J.J., Burr D.B., Pavo I. et al. Low bone mineral density is associated with bone microdamage accumulation in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Bone 2007; 41: 378—85.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Recker R.R., Delmas P.D., Halse J. et al. Effects of Intravenous Zoledronic Acid Once Yearly on Bone Remodeling and Bone Structure. J Bone Min Res 2008; 23: 6—16.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Park-Wyllie L.Y., Mamdani M.M., Juurlink D.N. et al. Bisphosphonate use and the risk of subtrochanteric or femoral shaft fractures in older women. JAMA 2011; 305: 783—9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Shane E., Burr D., Ebeling P.R. et al. Atypical subtrochanteric and diaphyseal femoral fractures: Report of a task force of the american society for bone and mineral Research. J Bone Min Res 2010; 25: 2267—94.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Watts N.B., Bilezikian J.P., Camacho P.M. et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists Medical Guidelines for Clinical Practice for the diagnosis and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Endocrinol Pract 2010; 16(Suppl. 3): S1—S37.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lyles K.W., Colon-Emeric C.S., Magaziner J.S. et al. Zoledronic acid and clinical fractures and mortality after hip fracture. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 1799—809.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sambrook P.N., Cameron I.D., Chen J.S. et al. Oral bisphosphonates are associated with reduced mortality in frail older people: a prospective five-year study. Osteopor Int 2011; 22: 2551—6.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
