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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mrj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Rheumatology Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1996-7012</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-158X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1996-7012-2014-2-35-40</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mrj-548</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ТЕРАПИИ РЕВМАТОИДНОГО АРТРИТА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>URGENT PROBLEMS IN TREATMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Насколько реально длительное сохранение лечебного эффекта ингибиторов фактора некроза опухоли α? Фокус на иммуногенность</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>How real is the long-lasting effect of tumor necrosis factor α inhibitors? Focus on immunogenicity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каратеев</surname><given-names>Д.Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karateev</surname><given-names>D.E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">1@ru.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой» РАМН, Москва, Россия</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>05</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>35</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Каратеев Д., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Каратеев Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karateev D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/548">https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/548</self-uri><abstract><p>Ингибиторы фактора некроза опухоли (и-ФНО) α занимают ведущее место в лечении ревматоидного артрита (РА) и других воспалительных артропатий. В Российской Федерации для лечения РА зарегистрировано 5 препаратов из группы и-ФНОα: инфликсимаб (ИФН), адалимумаб (АДА), голимумаб, цертолизумаба пэгол и этанерцепт (ЭТЦ). Они существенно различаются по составу. ЭТЦ не относится к классу моноклональных антител (мАТ) и имеет иной механизм действия. Он представляет собой искусственную димерную гибридную белковую молекулу (fusion protein), включающую рецептор к ФНО, соединенный с Fc-фрагментом Ig1 человека. ЭТЦ способен блокировать не только ФНОα, но и лимфотоксин α. ЭТЦ содержит только идентичный человеческому белок. По противовоспалительной эффективности все и-ФНОα приблизительно одинаковы. Данные регистров показывают, что риск отмены терапии и-ФНОα в первые 2–3 года достаточно велик, при этом имеется тенденция к нарастанию частоты отмен из-за потери эффекта. Установлено, что риск отмены терапии как из-за недостаточной эффективности, так и из-за нежелательных явлений (НЯ) минимален для ЭТЦ и максимален для ИНФ. Определяющее негативное влияние на сохранение ответа на лечение и частоту НЯ оказывает структура генно-инженерных биологических препаратов (ГИБП), с которой связана их иммуногенность. Но поскольку ЭТЦ представляет собой гибридную молекулу и содержит меньше потенциально иммуногенных эпитопов, чем мАТ, частота выявления антител к препарату (АТП) заметно ниже. Более низкая иммуногенность ЭТЦ может хорошо объяснить достоверно меньшую вероятность прекращения лечения этим препаратом по сравнению с ИНФ и АДА. Риск возникновения потребности в эскалации дозы в связи с постепенной потерей эффекта при лечении АДА был выше в 4,9 раза, ИНФ – в 28 раз по сравнению с ЭТЦ. Контролировать терапию и-ФНОα (развитие АТП, концентрация препарата в крови), в том числе осуществлять переключение на другой ГИБП, позволяют терапевтические алгоритмы. Основным методом профилактики образования АТП в настоящее время является строгое соблюдение рекомендации по применению ГИБП в комбинации с базисными противовоспалительными препаратами, в первую очередь с метотрексатом. При этом целесообразно использовать и-ФНОα, обладающие наименьшей иммуногенностью (ЭТЦ и др.). </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α inhibitors are the most commonly used agents to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammatory arthropathies. Five drugs belonging to the family of TNFα inhibitors have been certified in Russia for treating RA: infliximab (INF), adali- mumab (ADA), golimumab, certolizumab pegol, and etanercept (ETN). These drugs have different compositions. ETN does not belong to the family of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and has a different mechanism of action. It is a dimeric molecule of synthetic fusion protein contain- ing TNF receptor and bound to the Fc-fragment of human Ig1. ETN can inhibit both TNFα and lymphotoxin α. ETN contains only the pro- tein identical to human protein. All TNFα inhibitors exhibit a virtually identical anti-inflammatory activity. The data from the registries show that the risk of discontinuation of therapy with TNFα during the first 2–3 years is appreciably high; there is a trend toward increased frequency of therapy discontinuation because of loss of effectiveness. It was found that the risk of therapy discontinuation because of insufficient effectiveness and adverse events (AEs) is minimal for ETN and maximal for INF. The structure of biological drugs (which also affects their immunogenicity) has the key neg- ative effect on maintaining the response to therapy and frequency of AEs. However, since ETN is a fusion molecule and contains less poten- tially immunogenic epitopes compared to mAbs, the frequency of detecting anti-drug antibodies (ADAbs) is appreciably lower.</p><p>The fact that ETN has a lower immunogenicity can be used to explain the significantly lower probability of discontinuing therapy using this drug as compared to INF and ADA. The risk that the need to increase the dose because of gradual loss of effectiveness of therapy with ADA and INF, was 4.9- and 28-fold higher, respectively, as compared to ETN. Therapeutic algorithms make it possible to control therapy with TGFα inhibitors (development of ADAbs, blood concentration of drug), as well as to switch to using another biological drug. Currently, the main method for preventing ADAb formation is to strictly follow the recommenda- tions for using biological drugs in combination of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (first of all, with methotrexate). TNFα inhibitors hav- ing the lowest immunogenicity (ETN, etc.) are advisable to be used in this case. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ревматические заболевания</kwd><kwd>ревматоидный артрит</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы фактора некроза опухоли α</kwd><kwd>иммуногенность</kwd><kwd>эффективность</kwd><kwd>отмена терапии.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rheumatic diseases</kwd><kwd>rheumatoid arthritis</kwd><kwd>tumor growth factor α inhibitors</kwd><kwd>immunogenicity</kwd><kwd>effectiveness</kwd><kwd>therapy discontinuation.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Насонов ЕЛ. Фактор некроза опухоли α – новая мишень для противовоспалительной терапии ревматоидного артрита. Клиническая фармакология и терапия. 2001;10(1):64–70. [Nasonov EL. 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