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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mrj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Rheumatology Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1996-7012</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-158X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1996-7012-2014-4-54-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mrj-576</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ревматоидный артрит. Основной симптом и симптоматическая терапия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rheumatoid arthritis: A major symptom and symptomatic therapy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Олюнин</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Olyunin</surname><given-names>Yuri Aleskandrovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Россия, Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 34A</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow Russia 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yuryaolyunin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>12</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Олюнин Ю.А., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Олюнин Ю.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Olyunin Y.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/576">https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/576</self-uri><abstract><p>Основной проблемой для больных ревматоидным артритом (РА) является боль. Она создает серьезный психологический дискомфорт, вызывает нарушения сна, резко ограничивает физическую активность Боль – один из основных признаков воспаления, и ее интенсивность коррелирует с воспалительной активностью. Раннее назначение базисных противовоспалительных препаратов, регулярный мониторинг и своевременная коррекция терапии в соответствии с принципом «Лечение до достижения цели» («Treat to Target» – Т2Т) позволяют эффективно контролировать активность РА и сдерживать его прогрессирование. Однако в ряде случаев, несмотря на значительное снижение активности РА, боль полностью не исчезает и со временем может усиливаться. Боль, возникающая у больных РА, далеко не всегда обусловлена артритом. Она также может быть связана с сопутствующей патологией, в частности с остеоартрозом (ОА) или фибромиалгией. Боль, обусловленная сопутствующей патологией, может серьезно исказить результат оценки воспалительной активности и решение врача о необходимости коррекции медикаментозной терапии, которое он принимает в соответствии с принципом «Лечение до достижения цели».</p><p>Для симптоматической терапии РА наиболее широко применяются нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты (НПВП). Несмотря на значительное уменьшение боли и скованности на фоне лечения НПВП, они не влияют на прогрессирование рентгенологических изменений. Практически все НПВП могут уменьшать боль при назначении в дозах, значительно меньших, чем те, что требуются для подавления воспаления. НПВП являются существенным компонентом комплексной терапии РА. Их назначают уже в ранней стадии болезни с учетом состояния желудочно-кишечного тракта, почек и сердечно-сосудистой системы.</p><p>Национальный институт здоровья и качественной медицинской помощи Великобритании (NICE) предлагает для уменьшения потребности в НПВП при РА использовать анальгетики (парацетамол и кодеин). Однако применение анальгетиков при РА пока имеет слабую доказательную базу.</p><p>В различных исследованиях изучалась также эффективность монотерапии слабыми опиоидами, но и она оказалась невелика. Рекомендуется по возможности избегать длительного применения опиоидов.</p><p>В недавних рекомендациях международной группы экспертов по фармакотерапии боли при воспалительных заболеваниях суставов предложено наряду с НПВП и парацетамолом в качестве дополнительных средств назначать трициклические антидепрессанты, которые могут быть эффективны у отдельных категорий больных, например у пациентов с РА и коморбидными депрессивными расстройствами.</p><p>Помимо медикаментозной терапии, в лечении боли при РА с успехом используются и нефармакологические методы. Эффективное подавление боли позволяет не только значительно уменьшать имеющийся у пациента дискомфорт, но и более корректно выбирать тактику лечения в каждом конкретном случае.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Pain is a major problem in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It produces a serious psychological discomfort, causes sleep disorders, and drastically limits physical activity. Pain is one of the main signs of inflammation and its intensity correlates with inflammatory activity. The early use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, regular monitoring, and timely correction of therapy in accordance with the treat-to-target principle make it possible to effectively monitor the activity of RA and to delay its progression. However, despite a marked decrease in RA activity, pain does not go away completely and may increase with time in a number of cases. Pain occurring in patients with RA is always far short of being caused by arthritis. It may be also related to comorbidity, osteoarthritis or fibromyalgia in particular. Pain induced by comorbidity may seriously distort the result of assessment of inflammatory activity and a physician's decision made to correct drug therapy in accordance with the treat-to-target principle.</p><p>Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are in most common use for the symptomatic therapy of RA. In spite of a significant reduction in pain and stiffness during therapy with NSAIDs, they do not affect the progression of X-ray changes. Virtually all NSAIDs may relieve pain when used in doses substantially smaller than those required to suppress inflammation. NSAIDs are an essential component of combination therapy for RA. They are given just at the early stage of the disease, by taking into account the gastrointestinal tract, kidney, and cardiovascular system. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence in the United Kingdom proposes to administer analgesics (paracetamol and codeine) to reduce needs for NSAIDs in RA. For the time being, the use of analgesics in RA has, however, a weak evidence base.</p><p>Different trials have also studied the efficiency of monotherapy with weak opioids, but it has proven to be also low. It is well, where possible, to avoid the long-term use of opioids.</p><p>Along with NSAIDs and paracetamol, the recent guidelines of the International Expert Group of Pain Pharmacotherapy to use tricyclic antidepressants as additional agents to treat joint inflammatory diseases, which may be effective in some cohort of patients, such as those with RA and comorbid depressive disorders.</p><p>Besides drug therapy, nonpharmacological methods are also successfully used in the treatment of pain in RA. The effective suppression of pain makes it possible not only to considerably reduce existing discomfort in a patient, but also to more correctly choose treatment policy in each specific case.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ревматоидный артрит</kwd><kwd>сопутствующая патология</kwd><kwd>боль</kwd><kwd>терапия боли</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rheumatoid arthritis</kwd><kwd>comorbidity</kwd><kwd>pain</kwd><kwd>pain therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каратеев ДЕ, Лучихина ЕЛ, Тюрина ЛН и др. Возможности ранней диагностики ревматоидного артрита в клинической практике на современном этапе (результаты наблюдений за московской когортой больных ранним артритом в рамках программы РАДИКАЛ). Терапевтический архив. 2008;80(5):8–13. [Karateev DE, Luchikhina EL, Tyurina LN, et al. 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