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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mrj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Rheumatology Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1996-7012</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-158X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1996-7012-2015-4-13-19</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mrj-648</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИММУНОГЕННОСТЬ ГИБП И ЕЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ В РЕВМАТОЛОГИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BIOLOGICALS: THEIR IMMUNOGENICITY AND ITS VALUE IN RHEUMATOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Иммуногенность, вызванная генно-инженерными биологическими препаратами при лечении псориаза и псориатического артрита: взгляд на проблему</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Immunogenicity induced by biologicals in the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: View of the problem</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коротаева</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korotaeva</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatianakorotaeva@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>01</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>13</fpage><lpage>19</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Коротаева Т.В., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коротаева Т.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Korotaeva T.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/648">https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/648</self-uri><abstract><p>Выполнен анализ современных представлений об иммуногенности генно-инженерных биологических препаратов (ГИБП), применяемых в лечении псориаза и псориатического артрита. Отмечено, что иммуногенность этих лекарственных средств (ЛС) зависит от молекулярной структуры, индивидуальных характеристик пациента и используемой схемы лечения. При этом ключевыми факторами являются первичная структура препарата и его посттрансляционные модификации в процессе производства. Указано, что ряд антигенных структур может вызвать появление в организме антител к ГИБП – мышиных эпитопов, идиотопов и аллотопов, неоантигенов, образующихся в зоне стыковки гибридных белков, нелинейных эпитопов, присутствующих в агрегированных препаратах. Наиболее иммуногенными являются ГИБП со склонностью к образованию крупных иммунных комплексов с этими антителами. Антитела, которые появляются к большинству ГИБП, кроме ЛС на основе растворимых рецепторов к фактору некроза опухоли α (этанерцепт), являются нейтрализующими, т. е. влияющими на эффективность терапии, особенно при длительном использовании.</p><p>Рассмотрены результаты исследований по оценке влияния антител к ГИБП на их клиническое значение. Полагают, что сама по себе иммуногенность имеет большое значение с точки зрения возникновения феномена «ускользания» ответа на терапию ГИБП и безопасности этого лечения. Обращено внимание на проблемы диагностики иммуногенности; при этом отмечено, что ни один из используемых методов лабораторной диагностики сегодня не позволяет выявлять отдельные формы и изотипы антител к ГИБП. Сделан вывод о необходимости проведения дальнейших исследований с целью стандартизации оптимальных методов диагностики нейтрализующих антител, разработки критериев прогноза ответа на терапию с учетом фактора иммуногенности, а также выявление патогенетических механизмов, ответственных за выработку антител к ГИБП. От того, являются ли эти механизмы общими для всех препаратов или они специфичны, будет зависеть и создание новых ЛС с минимальной иммуногенностью.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The present-day views of the immunogenicity of biological agents (BAs) used to in the treatment of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are analyzed. The immunogenicity of these medicaments is noted to depend on their molecular structure, individual patient characteristics, and used treatment regimens. As this takes place, the primary structure of the drug and its posttranslation modifications during manufacture are key factors. It is pointed out that a number of antigenic structures may give rise to the body's BA antibodies – murine epitopes, idiotopes, and allotropes, neoantigens forming in the coupling area of hybrid proteins, nonlinear epitopes present in the aggregated preparations. BAs that tend to form large immune complexes with these antibodies are most immunogenic. The antibodies to most BAs, except drugs based on soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptors (etanercept), are neutralizing, i.e. they affect the efficiency of therapy, particularly when used over a long period of time.</p><p>The results of trials evaluating the impact of antibodies to BAs on their clinical value are considered. It is believed that immunogenicity is itself of great importance in respect to the occurrence of the escape phenomenon of a response to BA therapy and to its safety. Attention is drawn to immunogenicity diagnostic problems; at the same it is noted that none of the used laboratory diagnostic techniques can reveal individual BA antibody forms and isotypes. It is concluded that there is a need for further investigations to standardize optimal methods for diagnosing neutralizing antibodies, to elaborate criteria for predicting a response to therapy in terms of an immunogenicity factor, and to reveal pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for the production of antibodies to BAs. The design of novel medicaments with minimal immunogenicity will depend on whether these mechanisms are common to all drugs or specific.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>псориаз</kwd><kwd>псориатический артрит</kwd><kwd>иммуногенность</kwd><kwd>моноклональные антитела</kwd><kwd>генно-инженерные биологические препараты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>psoriasis</kwd><kwd>psoriatic arthritis</kwd><kwd>immunogenicity</kwd><kwd>monoclonal antibodies</kwd><kwd>biologicals</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hsu L, Armstrong AW. Anti-drug antibodies in psoriasis: a critical evaluation of clinical significance and impact on treatment response. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2013 Oct;9(10):949-58. doi: 10.1586/1744666X.2013.836060.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hsu L, Armstrong AW. 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