<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mrj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Rheumatology Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1996-7012</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-158X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1996-7012-2016-2-78-82</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mrj-688</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Поражение суставов и позвоночника у б ольных с воспалительными заболеваниями кишечника</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Injury to the joint and spinal column in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">alexandr.kuzin@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия последипломного образования», Москва, Россия 123836, Москва, Баррикадная ул., 2/1</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia 2/1, Barrikadnaya St., Moscow 123836</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>06</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>78</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кузин А.В., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кузин А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kuzin A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/688">https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/688</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлен обзор литературы, посвященной поражению опорно-двигательного аппарата при воспалительных заболеваниях кишечника (ВЗК). Описаны варианты поражения суставов и позвоночника при язвенном колите (ЯК) и болезни Крона (БК). Дана оценка соотношения дебюта и активности ВЗК и суставного синдрома. Наиболее частым вариантом суставного синдрома оказался периферический артрит, протекавший с вовлечением преимущественно коленных и голеностопных суставов, в большинстве случаев связанный с активностью ВЗК. В отличие от периферического артрита течение аксиального спондилоартрита, представленного изолированным сакроилиитом и анкилозирующим спондилитом (АС), не зависело от активности ВЗК. Приведены данные об изолированном сакроилиите, который нередко протекает бессимптомно, поздно диагностируется и у ряда больных является находкой при обследовании. Дана клинико-инструментальная характеристика АС при ВЗК, отмечена схожесть клинических проявлений и рентгенологических изменений с таковыми при идиопатическом АС. Описана картина энтезита, уделено внимание системным внесуставным проявлениям ВЗК, в ряде случаев ассоциированным с суставным синдромом (узловатая эритема и увеит). Охарактеризованы рентгенологические изменения периферических суставов и позвоночника при различных вариантах поражения опорно-двигательного аппарата у больных с ВЗК. Приведены данные литературы, касающиеся лечения суставного синдрома у больных ЯК и БК. Отмечена необходимость дифференцированного подхода к лечению периферического артрита и поражения аксиального скелета, оценена роль нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов, сульфасалазина, генно-инженерных биологических препаратов в лечении суставного синдрома при ВЗК. Указано, что пациентов с ВЗК, имеющих ревматологические проявления, должны наблюдать совместно гастроэнтеролог и ревматолог.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper reviews literature on locomotor apparatus injury in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It describes the types of joint and spinal column involvement in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). The ratio of onset to the activity of IBD and articular syndrome is estimated. The most common type of articular syndrome is peripheral arthritis that involves mainly the knee and ankle joints and that is associated with IBD activity in most cases. Unlike peripheral arthritis, the course of axial spondyloarthritis manifesting as isolated sacroiliitis and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is unrelated to IBD activity. There is evidence on isolated sacroiliitis that is rather common asymptomatic, that is diagnosed late, and that is a finding in a number of patients during examination. The paper provides the clinical and instrumental characteristics of AS in IBDand points to the similarity of their clinical manifestations and radiographic changes with those in idiopathic AS. It also describes the picture of enthesitis with emphasis on the systemic extra-articular manifestations of IBD, which are associated with articular syndrome (erythema nodosum and uveitis) in a number of cases. Radiographic changes in peripheral joints and spinal column are characterized in different types of locomotor apparatus injury in patients with IBD. There are data available in the literature on the treatment of articular syndrome in patients with UC and CD. It is noted that there is a need for a differentiated approach to treating peripheral arthritis and axial skeleton involvement; the role of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, sulfasalazine, and biological agents in the treatment of articular syndrome in IBD is assessed. It is indicated that IBD patients having rheumatic manifestations should be followed up jointly by a gastroenterologist and a rheumatologist.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>воспалительные заболевания кишечника</kwd><kwd>спондилоартрит</kwd><kwd>сакроилиит</kwd><kwd>анкилозирующий спондилит</kwd><kwd>энтезит</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>inflammatory bowel diseases</kwd><kwd>spondyloarthritis</kwd><kwd>sacroiliitis</kwd><kwd>ankylosing spondylitis</kwd><kwd>enthesitis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воробьев ГИ, Костенко НВ. Неспецифический язвенный колит. Болезнь Крона. В кн.: Воробьев ГИ, редактор. Основы колопроктологии. Ростов-на-Дону: Феникс; 2001. С. 236-279. [Vorob'ev GI, Kostenko NV. Ulcerative colitis. Crohn's Disease. In: Vorob'ev GI, editor. Osnovy koloproktologii [Basics of Coloproctology]. Rostov-na-Donu: Feniks; 2001. P. 236-79.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Воробьев ГИ, Костенко НВ. Неспецифический язвенный колит. Болезнь Крона. В кн.: Воробьев ГИ, редактор. Основы колопроктологии. Ростов-на-Дону: Феникс; 2001. С. 236-279. [Vorob'ev GI, Kostenko NV. Ulcerative colitis. Crohn's Disease. In: Vorob'ev GI, editor. Osnovy koloproktologii [Basics of Coloproctology]. Rostov-na-Donu: Feniks; 2001. P. 236-79.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Парфенов АИ. Энтерология. Москва: Триада-Х; 2002. 744 с. [Parfenov AI. Enterologiya [Enterology]. Moscow: Triada-X; 2002. 744 p.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Парфенов АИ. Энтерология. Москва: Триада-Х; 2002. 744 с. [Parfenov AI. Enterologiya [Enterology]. Moscow: Triada-X; 2002. 744 p.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Халиф ИЛ, Лоранская ИД. Воспалительные заболевания кишечника (неспецифический язвенный колит и болезнь Крона). Клиника, диагностика и лечение. Москва: Миклош; 2004. 88 с. [Khalif IL, Loranskaya ID. Vospalitel'nye zabolevaniya kishechnika (nespetsificheskii yazvennyi kolit i bolezn' Krona). Klinika, diagnostika i lechenie [Inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease). Clinic, diagnostics and treatment]. Moscow: Miklosh; 2004. 88 p.]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Халиф ИЛ, Лоранская ИД. Воспалительные заболевания кишечника (неспецифический язвенный колит и болезнь Крона). Клиника, диагностика и лечение. Москва: Миклош; 2004. 88 с. [Khalif IL, Loranskaya ID. Vospalitel'nye zabolevaniya kishechnika (nespetsificheskii yazvennyi kolit i bolezn' Krona). Klinika, diagnostika i lechenie [Inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease). Clinic, diagnostics and treatment]. Moscow: Miklosh; 2004. 88 p.]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ardizzone S, Puttini PS, Cassionotti A, Poito GB. Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Liver Dis. 2008 Jul;40 Suppl 2:S253-9. doi: 10.1016/S1590-8658(08)60534-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ardizzone S, Puttini PS, Cassionotti A, Poito GB. Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Liver Dis. 2008 Jul;40 Suppl 2:S253-9. doi: 10.1016/S1590-8658(08)60534-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Atzeni F, Defendenti C, Ditto MC, et al. Rheumatic manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease. Autoimmun Rev. 2014 Jan; 13(1):20-3. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2013.06.006. Epub 2013 Jun 15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Atzeni F, Defendenti C, Ditto MC, et al. Rheumatic manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease. Autoimmun Rev. 2014 Jan; 13(1):20-3. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2013.06.006. Epub 2013 Jun 15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paredes JM, Barrachina MM, Roman J, Moreno-Osset E. Joint disease in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005 Apr;28(4):240-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paredes JM, Barrachina MM, Roman J, Moreno-Osset E. Joint disease in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005 Apr;28(4):240-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fantini MC, Pallone F, Monteleone G. Common immunologic mechanisms in inflammatory bowel disease and spondylarthropathies. World J Gastroenterol. 2009 May 28;15(20):2472-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fantini MC, Pallone F, Monteleone G. Common immunologic mechanisms in inflammatory bowel disease and spondylarthropathies. World J Gastroenterol. 2009 May 28;15(20):2472-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salmi M, Andrew DP, Butcher EC, et al. Dual binding capacity of mucosal immunoblasts to mucosal and synovial endothelium in humans: dissection of the molecular mechanisms. J Exp Med. 1995 Jan 1;181(1):137-49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salmi M, Andrew DP, Butcher EC, et al. Dual binding capacity of mucosal immunoblasts to mucosal and synovial endothelium in humans: dissection of the molecular mechanisms. J Exp Med. 1995 Jan 1;181(1):137-49.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elewaut D, De Keyser F, Lazarovits A, et al. Inflamed synovial tissue from patients with spondylarthropathy is enriched with activated T-cells carrying beta-7 integrins. Arthritis Rheum. 1996;39:162.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elewaut D, De Keyser F, Lazarovits A, et al. Inflamed synovial tissue from patients with spondylarthropathy is enriched with activated T-cells carrying beta-7 integrins. Arthritis Rheum. 1996;39:162.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gheita TA, El Gazzar II, El-Fishawy HS, et al. Involvement of IL-23 in enteropathic arthritis patients with inflammatory bowel disease: preliminary results. Clin Rheumatol. 2014 May;33(5):713-7. doi: 10.1007/s10067-013-2469-y. Epub 2014 Jan 3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gheita TA, El Gazzar II, El-Fishawy HS, et al. Involvement of IL-23 in enteropathic arthritis patients with inflammatory bowel disease: preliminary results. Clin Rheumatol. 2014 May;33(5):713-7. doi: 10.1007/s10067-013-2469-y. Epub 2014 Jan 3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simon EG, Ghosh S, Iacucci M, Moran GW. Ustekinumab for the treatment of Crohn's disease: can it find its niche? Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2016 Jan;9(1): 26-36. doi: 10.1177/1756283X15618130.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simon EG, Ghosh S, Iacucci M, Moran GW. Ustekinumab for the treatment of Crohn's disease: can it find its niche? Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2016 Jan;9(1): 26-36. doi: 10.1177/1756283X15618130.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asquith M, Elewaut D, Lin P, Rosenbaum JT. The role of the gut and microbes in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2014 Oct;28(5):687-702. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2014.10.018. Epub 2014 Nov 15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asquith M, Elewaut D, Lin P, Rosenbaum JT. The role of the gut and microbes in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2014 Oct;28(5):687-702. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2014.10.018. Epub 2014 Nov 15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith JA, Colbert RA. Review: the interleukin-23/interleukin-17 axis in spondyloarthritis pathogenesis: Th17 and beyond. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014 Feb;66(2):231-41. doi: 10.1002/art.38291.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith JA, Colbert RA. Review: the interleukin-23/interleukin-17 axis in spondyloarthritis pathogenesis: Th17 and beyond. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014 Feb;66(2):231-41. doi: 10.1002/art.38291.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wright V, Moll JMH. Seronegative polyarthritis. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: North Holland Publishing Company; 1976.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wright V, Moll JMH. Seronegative polyarthritis. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: North Holland Publishing Company; 1976.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orchard TR, Wordsworth BP, Jewell DP. Peripheral arthropathies in inflammatory bowel disease: their articular distribution and natural history. Gut. 1998 Mar;42(3):387-91.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orchard TR, Wordsworth BP, Jewell DP. Peripheral arthropathies in inflammatory bowel disease: their articular distribution and natural history. Gut. 1998 Mar;42(3):387-91.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scarpa R, del Puente A, D'Arienzo A, et al. The arthritis of ulcerative colitis: clinical and genetic aspects. J Rheumatol. 1992 Mar;19(3):373-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scarpa R, del Puente A, D'Arienzo A, et al. The arthritis of ulcerative colitis: clinical and genetic aspects. J Rheumatol. 1992 Mar;19(3):373-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Vos M. Joint involvement associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Dis. 2009;27(4):511-5. doi: 10.1159/000233290. Epub 2009 Nov 4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Vos M. Joint involvement associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Dis. 2009;27(4):511-5. doi: 10.1159/000233290. Epub 2009 Nov 4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zochling J, Brandt J, Braun J. The current concept of spondyloarthritis with special emphasis on undifferentiated spondyloarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2005 Dec;44(12):1483-91. Epub 2005 Aug 9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zochling J, Brandt J, Braun J. The current concept of spondyloarthritis with special emphasis on undifferentiated spondyloarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2005 Dec;44(12):1483-91. Epub 2005 Aug 9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Souza MH, Troncon LE, Rodrigues CM, et al. Trends in the occurrence (1980-1999) and clinical features of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in a university hospital in southeastern Brazil. Arq Gastroenterol. 2002 Apr-Jun;39(2):98-105. Epub 2003 Feb 19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Souza MH, Troncon LE, Rodrigues CM, et al. Trends in the occurrence (1980-1999) and clinical features of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in a university hospital in southeastern Brazil. Arq Gastroenterol. 2002 Apr-Jun;39(2):98-105. Epub 2003 Feb 19.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stolwijk C, Pierik M, Landewe R, et al. Prevalence of self-reported spondyloarthritis features in a cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Can J Gastroenterol. 2013 Apr;27(4):199-205.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stolwijk C, Pierik M, Landewe R, et al. Prevalence of self-reported spondyloarthritis features in a cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Can J Gastroenterol. 2013 Apr;27(4):199-205.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Protzer U, Duchmann R, Hö hler T, et al. Enteropathic spondylarthritis in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases: prevalence, manifestation pattern and HLA association. Med Klin (Munich). 1996 Jun 15;91(6):330-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Protzer U, Duchmann R, Hö hler T, et al. Enteropathic spondylarthritis in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases: prevalence, manifestation pattern and HLA association. Med Klin (Munich). 1996 Jun 15;91(6):330-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vavricka SR, Brun L, Ballabeni P, et al. Frequency and Risk Factors for Extraintestinal Manifestations in the Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011 Jan;106(1):110-9. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2010.343. Epub 2010 Aug 31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vavricka SR, Brun L, Ballabeni P, et al. Frequency and Risk Factors for Extraintestinal Manifestations in the Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011 Jan;106(1):110-9. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2010.343. Epub 2010 Aug 31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dorofeyev AE, Vasilenko IV, Rassokhina OA. Joint extraintestinal manifestations in ulcerative colitis. Dig Dis. 2009;27(4):502-10. doi: 10.1159/000233289. Epub 2009 Nov 4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dorofeyev AE, Vasilenko IV, Rassokhina OA. Joint extraintestinal manifestations in ulcerative colitis. Dig Dis. 2009;27(4):502-10. doi: 10.1159/000233289. Epub 2009 Nov 4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Veloso FT, Carvalho J, Magro F. Immune-related systemic manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. A prospective study of 792 patients. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1996 Jul;23(1):29-34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Veloso FT, Carvalho J, Magro F. Immune-related systemic manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. A prospective study of 792 patients. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1996 Jul;23(1):29-34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caprilli R, Gassull MA, Escher JC, et al. European evidence based consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn's disease: special situations. Gut. 2006 Mar;55 Suppl 1:i36-58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caprilli R, Gassull MA, Escher JC, et al. European evidence based consensus on the diagnosis and management of Crohn's disease: special situations. Gut. 2006 Mar;55 Suppl 1:i36-58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Urlep D, Mamula P, Baldassano R. Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol. 2005 Jun;51(2):147-63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Urlep D, Mamula P, Baldassano R. Extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol. 2005 Jun;51(2):147-63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shivashankar R, Loftus EV, TremaineWJ, et al. Incidence of spondyloarthropathy in patients with Crohn,s disease: a populationbased study. J Rheumatol. 2012 Nov;39(11):2148-52. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.120321. Epub 2012 Sep 15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shivashankar R, Loftus EV, TremaineWJ, et al. Incidence of spondyloarthropathy in patients with Crohn,s disease: a populationbased study. J Rheumatol. 2012 Nov;39(11):2148-52. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.120321. Epub 2012 Sep 15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bernstein CN, Blanchard JF, Rawsthorne P, Yu N. The prevalence of extraintestinal diseases in inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001 Apr;96(4):1116-22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bernstein CN, Blanchard JF, Rawsthorne P, Yu N. The prevalence of extraintestinal diseases in inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001 Apr;96(4):1116-22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wordsworth P. Arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2000 Apr;2(2):87-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wordsworth P. Arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2000 Apr;2(2):87-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van der Horst-Bruinsma IE1, Nurmohamed MT. Management and evaluation of extra-articular manifestations in spondyloarthritis. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2012 Dec;4(6):413-22. doi: 10.1177/1759720X12458372.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van der Horst-Bruinsma IE1, Nurmohamed MT. Management and evaluation of extra-articular manifestations in spondyloarthritis. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2012 Dec;4(6):413-22. doi: 10.1177/1759720X12458372.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yü ksel I, Ataseven H, Basьar O, et al. Peripheral Arthritis in the Course of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Dig Dis Sci. 2011 Jan;56(1):183-7. doi: 10.1007/s10620-010-1260-z. Epub 2010 May 11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yü ksel I, Ataseven H, Basьar O, et al. Peripheral Arthritis in the Course of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Dig Dis Sci. 2011 Jan;56(1):183-7. doi: 10.1007/s10620-010-1260-z. Epub 2010 May 11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weisman MH, Reveille JD, Van der Heijde D, editors. Inflammatory bowel disease spondyloarthritis: epidemiology, clinical features and treatment. In: Ankylosing spondylitis and the Spondyloarthropathies. Philadelphia: Mosby; 2006. P. 65-74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weisman MH, Reveille JD, Van der Heijde D, editors. Inflammatory bowel disease spondyloarthritis: epidemiology, clinical features and treatment. In: Ankylosing spondylitis and the Spondyloarthropathies. Philadelphia: Mosby; 2006. P. 65-74.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palm O, Moum B, Jahnsen J, Gran JT. The prevalence and incidence of peripheral arthritis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, a prospective population-based study (the IBSEN study). Rheumatology (Oxford). 2001 Nov;40(11):1256-61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palm O, Moum B, Jahnsen J, Gran JT. The prevalence and incidence of peripheral arthritis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, a prospective population-based study (the IBSEN study). Rheumatology (Oxford). 2001 Nov;40(11):1256-61.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Адлер Г. Болезнь Крона и язвенный колит. Пер. с нем. М.: 2001. 527 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Адлер Г. Болезнь Крона и язвенный колит. Пер. с нем. М.: 2001. 527 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orchard TR, Thiyagaraja S, Welsh KI, et al. Clinical phenotype is related to HLA genotype in the peripheral arthropathies of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2000 Feb;118(2):274-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orchard TR, Thiyagaraja S, Welsh KI, et al. Clinical phenotype is related to HLA genotype in the peripheral arthropathies of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2000 Feb;118(2):274-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Suh CH, Lee CH, Lee J, et al. Arthritic manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. J Korean Med Sci. 1998 Feb;13(1):39-43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suh CH, Lee CH, Lee J, et al. Arthritic manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. J Korean Med Sci. 1998 Feb;13(1):39-43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gravallese EM, Kantrowitz FG. Arthritic manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 1988 Jul;83(7):703-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gravallese EM, Kantrowitz FG. Arthritic manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 1988 Jul;83(7):703-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greenstein A, Janowitz H, Sachar D. Extra-intestinal complications of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Medicine (Baltimore). 1976 Sep;55(5):401-12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greenstein A, Janowitz H, Sachar D. Extra-intestinal complications of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Medicine (Baltimore). 1976 Sep;55(5):401-12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Juillerat P, Mottet C, Froehlich F, et al. Extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn's disease. Digestion. 2005;71(1):31-6. Epub 2005 Feb 4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Juillerat P, Mottet C, Froehlich F, et al. Extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn's disease. Digestion. 2005;71(1):31-6. Epub 2005 Feb 4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fomberstein B, Yerra N, Pitchumoni CS. Rheumatological complications of GI disorders. Am J Gastroenterol. 1996 Jun;91(6):1090-103.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fomberstein B, Yerra N, Pitchumoni CS. Rheumatological complications of GI disorders. Am J Gastroenterol. 1996 Jun;91(6):1090-103.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palm O, Moum B, Ongre A, Gran JT. Prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis and other spondyloarthropathies among patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a population study (the IBSEN study). J Rheumatol. 2002 Mar;29(3):511-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palm O, Moum B, Ongre A, Gran JT. Prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis and other spondyloarthropathies among patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a population study (the IBSEN study). J Rheumatol. 2002 Mar;29(3):511-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Christodoulou DK, Katsanos KH, Kitsanou M, Stergiopoulou C, Hatzis J, Tsianos EV. Frequency of extraintestinal manifestations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Northwest Greece and review of the literature. Dig Liver Dis. 2002 Nov;34(11):781-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Christodoulou DK, Katsanos KH, Kitsanou M, Stergiopoulou C, Hatzis J, Tsianos EV. Frequency of extraintestinal manifestations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Northwest Greece and review of the literature. Dig Liver Dis. 2002 Nov;34(11):781-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rodriguez VE, Costas PJ, Vazquez M, et al. Prevalence of spondyloarthropathy in Puerto Rican patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Ethn Dis. 2008 Spring;18 (2 Suppl 2):S2-225-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodriguez VE, Costas PJ, Vazquez M, et al. Prevalence of spondyloarthropathy in Puerto Rican patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Ethn Dis. 2008 Spring;18 (2 Suppl 2):S2-225-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Vlam K, Mielants H, Cuvelier C, et al. Spondylarthropathy is underestimated in inflammatory bowel disease: prevalence and HLA association. J Rheumatol. 2000 Dec;27(12):2860-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Vlam K, Mielants H, Cuvelier C, et al. Spondylarthropathy is underestimated in inflammatory bowel disease: prevalence and HLA association. J Rheumatol. 2000 Dec;27(12):2860-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Voulgari PV. Rheumatological manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease. Ann Gastroenterol. 2011;24(3):173-180.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voulgari PV. Rheumatological manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease. Ann Gastroenterol. 2011;24(3):173-180.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Acheson ED. An association between ulcerative colitis, regional enteritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. Q J Med. 1960 Oct;29:489-99.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Acheson ED. An association between ulcerative colitis, regional enteritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. Q J Med. 1960 Oct;29:489-99.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ansell BM, Wigley RA. Arthritic manifestations in regional enteritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1964 Jan;23:64-72.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ansell BM, Wigley RA. Arthritic manifestations in regional enteritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1964 Jan;23:64-72.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haslock I. Arthritis and Crohn's disease. A family study. Ann Rheum Dis. 1973 Nov;32(6):479-86.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haslock I. Arthritis and Crohn's disease. A family study. Ann Rheum Dis. 1973 Nov;32(6):479-86.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turkcapar N, Toruner M, Soykan I, et al. The prevalence of extraintestinal manifestations and HLA association in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Rheumatol Int. 2006 May;26(7):663-8. Epub 2005 Sep 1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turkcapar N, Toruner M, Soykan I, et al. The prevalence of extraintestinal manifestations and HLA association in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Rheumatol Int. 2006 May;26(7):663-8. Epub 2005 Sep 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McEniff N, Eustace S, McCarthy C, et al. Asymptomatic sacroiliitis in inflammatory bowel disease. Assessment by computed tomography. Clin Imaging. 1995 Oct-Dec;19 (4):258-62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McEniff N, Eustace S, McCarthy C, et al. Asymptomatic sacroiliitis in inflammatory bowel disease. Assessment by computed tomography. Clin Imaging. 1995 Oct-Dec;19 (4):258-62.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scott WW Jr, Fishman EK, Kuhlman JE, Caskey CI, O'Brien JJ, Walia GS, Bayless TM. Computed tomography evaluation of the sacroiliac joints in Crohn disease. Radiologic/clinical correlation. Skeletal Radiol. 1990;19(3):207-10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scott WW Jr, Fishman EK, Kuhlman JE, Caskey CI, O'Brien JJ, Walia GS, Bayless TM. Computed tomography evaluation of the sacroiliac joints in Crohn disease. Radiologic/clinical correlation. Skeletal Radiol. 1990;19(3):207-10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peeters H, Vander Cruyssen B, Laukens D, et al. Radiological sacroiliitis, a hallmark of spondylitis, is linked with CARD15 gene polymorphisms in patients with Crohn's disease. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004 Sep;63(9):1131-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peeters H, Vander Cruyssen B, Laukens D, et al. Radiological sacroiliitis, a hallmark of spondylitis, is linked with CARD15 gene polymorphisms in patients with Crohn's disease. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004 Sep;63(9):1131-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bandinelli F, Terenzi R, Giovannini L, et al. Occult radiological sacroiliac abnormalities in patients with inflammatory bowel disease who do not present signs or symptoms of axial spondylitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2014 Nov-Dec;32(6):949-52. Epub 2014 Aug 15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bandinelli F, Terenzi R, Giovannini L, et al. Occult radiological sacroiliac abnormalities in patients with inflammatory bowel disease who do not present signs or symptoms of axial spondylitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2014 Nov-Dec;32(6):949-52. Epub 2014 Aug 15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Queiro R, Maiz O, Intxausti J, et al. Subclinical sacroiliitis in inflammatory bowel disease: a clinical and follow-up study. Clin Rheumatol. 2000;19(6):445-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Queiro R, Maiz O, Intxausti J, et al. Subclinical sacroiliitis in inflammatory bowel disease: a clinical and follow-up study. Clin Rheumatol. 2000;19(6):445-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rodriguez-Reyna TS, Martinez-Reyes C, Yamamoto-Furusho JK. Rheumatic manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2009 Nov 28;15(44):5517-24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodriguez-Reyna TS, Martinez-Reyes C, Yamamoto-Furusho JK. Rheumatic manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2009 Nov 28;15(44):5517-24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mendoza JL, Lana R, Taxonera C, et al. Extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease: differences between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Med Clin (Barc). 2005 Sep 10;125(8):297-300.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mendoza JL, Lana R, Taxonera C, et al. Extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease: differences between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Med Clin (Barc). 2005 Sep 10;125(8):297-300.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salvarani C, Vlachonikolis IG, van der Heijde DM, et al. Musculoskeletal manifestations in a population-based cohort of inflammatory bowel disease patients. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2001 Dec;36(12):1307-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salvarani C, Vlachonikolis IG, van der Heijde DM, et al. Musculoskeletal manifestations in a population-based cohort of inflammatory bowel disease patients. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2001 Dec;36(12):1307-13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brophy S, Pavy S, Lewis P, et al. Inflammatory eye, skin, and bowel disease in spondyloarthritis: genetic, phenotypic, and environmental factors. J Rheumatol. 2001 Dec;28(12):2667-73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brophy S, Pavy S, Lewis P, et al. Inflammatory eye, skin, and bowel disease in spondyloarthritis: genetic, phenotypic, and environmental factors. J Rheumatol. 2001 Dec;28(12):2667-73.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yuksel I, Basar O, Ataseven H, et al. Mucocutaneous manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2009 Apr;15(4):546-50. doi: 10.1002/ibd.20807.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yuksel I, Basar O, Ataseven H, et al. Mucocutaneous manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2009 Apr;15(4):546-50. doi: 10.1002/ibd.20807.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rudwaleit M, Baeten D. Ankylosing spondylitis and bowel disease. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2006 Jun;20(3):451-71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rudwaleit M, Baeten D. Ankylosing spondylitis and bowel disease. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2006 Jun;20(3):451-71.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orchard TR. Extraintestinal manifestations: skin, joint and mucocutaneous manifestations. In: Satsangi J, Sutherland LR, et al, editors. Inflammatory bowel disease. Elsevier Limited: Churchill Livingstone; 2003. P. 669-84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orchard TR. Extraintestinal manifestations: skin, joint and mucocutaneous manifestations. In: Satsangi J, Sutherland LR, et al, editors. Inflammatory bowel disease. Elsevier Limited: Churchill Livingstone; 2003. P. 669-84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Vos M, Mielants H, Cuvelier C. Arthritis, osteoporosis and rheumatological manifestations: patterns, diagnostic and therapeutic problems. In: Lembcke B, Kruis W, Sartor RB, editors. Systemic manifestations of IBD. Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1998. P. 55-63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Vos M, Mielants H, Cuvelier C. Arthritis, osteoporosis and rheumatological manifestations: patterns, diagnostic and therapeutic problems. In: Lembcke B, Kruis W, Sartor RB, editors. Systemic manifestations of IBD. Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1998. P. 55-63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lanna CC, Ferrari Mde L, Rocha SL, et al. A cross-sectional study of 130 Brazilian patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: analysis of articular and ophthalmologic manifestations. Clin Rheumatol. 2008 Apr;27(4):503-9. Epub 2007 Dec 21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lanna CC, Ferrari Mde L, Rocha SL, et al. A cross-sectional study of 130 Brazilian patients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: analysis of articular and ophthalmologic manifestations. Clin Rheumatol. 2008 Apr;27(4):503-9. Epub 2007 Dec 21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al-Jarallah K, Shehab D, Al-Azmi W, Al-Fadli A. Rheumatic complications of inflammatory bowel disease among Arabs: a hospital-based study in Kuwait. Int J Rheum Dis. 2013 Apr;16(2):134-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1756-185X.2012.01811.x. Epub 2012 Sep 7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al-Jarallah K, Shehab D, Al-Azmi W, Al-Fadli A. Rheumatic complications of inflammatory bowel disease among Arabs: a hospital-based study in Kuwait. Int J Rheum Dis. 2013 Apr;16(2):134-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1756-185X.2012.01811.x. Epub 2012 Sep 7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lakatos PL, Lakatos L, Kiss LS, et al. Treatment of extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease. Digestion. 2012; 86 Suppl 1:28-35. doi: 10.1159/000341950. Epub 2012 Oct 5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lakatos PL, Lakatos L, Kiss LS, et al. Treatment of extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease. Digestion. 2012; 86 Suppl 1:28-35. doi: 10.1159/000341950. Epub 2012 Oct 5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Armuzzi A, Gionchetti P, Daperno M, et al; GIVI (Gruppo Italiano su Vedolizumab nelle IBD) Group; GIVI Gruppo Italiano su Vedolizumab nelle IBD Group. Expert consensus paper on the use of Vedolizumab for the management of patients with moderateto- severe Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Dig Liver Dis. 2016 Apr;48(4):360-70. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2015.12.016. Epub 2016 Jan 7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Armuzzi A, Gionchetti P, Daperno M, et al; GIVI (Gruppo Italiano su Vedolizumab nelle IBD) Group; GIVI Gruppo Italiano su Vedolizumab nelle IBD Group. Expert consensus paper on the use of Vedolizumab for the management of patients with moderateto- severe Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Dig Liver Dis. 2016 Apr;48(4):360-70. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2015.12.016. Epub 2016 Jan 7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
