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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mrj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Rheumatology Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1996-7012</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-158X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1996-7012-2019-1-114-120</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mrj-896</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Некоторые потенциальные возможности применения ингибиторов ксантиноксидазы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Some opportunities of using xanthine oxidase inhibitors</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Желябина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhelyabina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Владимировна Желябина</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga Vladimirovna Zhelyabina</p><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olga-sheliabina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елисеев</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eliseev</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>03</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>114</fpage><lpage>120</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Желябина О.В., Елисеев М.С., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Желябина О.В., Елисеев М.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zhelyabina O.V., Eliseev M.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/896">https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/896</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре представлены современные взгляды на роль фермента ксантиноксидазы (КСО) в патогенезе ряда заболеваний. Показано, что активность ксантиноксидазы (КСО) может быть связана с развитием и прогрессированием не только подагры, но, возможно, и сахарного диабета, артериальной гипертензии и другой сердечно-сосудистой патологии.</p><p>Парадигма связи гиперурикемии (ГУ) с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями и хроническими заболеваниями почек претерпела ряд изменений — от скептицизма до получения доказательств их серьезного негативного влияния. При этом установлено, что КСО является ключевым ферментом, участвующим в синтезе МК в качестве конечного метаболита адениннуклеотидов и широко представлена в разных органах (печень, кишечник, легкие, почки, сердце и мозг) в плазме крови. КСО играет значимую роль в синтезе не только МК, но и свободных радикалов супероксидов.</p><p>Существует два возможных механизма, связывающих метаболизм и воспаление, в которых участвует МК: воспаление, активированное кристаллизацией МК, и генерация свободных радикалов супероксидов при ее синтезе. Роль активных форм кислорода обсуждается при ряде патологических состояний: индукция апоптоза/некроза, подавление экспрессии многих генов, активация клеточных сигнальных каскадов, окислительное повреждение ДНК и липидов, воспаление, метаболические расстройства, атеросклероз и др. Ингибирование этих механизмов приводит к снижению синтеза и отложения МК в костно-суставных и других тканях. Соответственно, КСО является подтвержденной мишенью для лечения подагры и, возможно, других состояний, связанных с ГУ. После появления в практике нового ингибитора КСО (иКСО), достижение целевого уровня МК стало реальным более чем у 80% пациентов с подагрой. Потому растет интерес к оценке возможностей иКСО при разных патологических состояниях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review presents modern concepts of the role of xanthine oxidase (XO) in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases. It has been shown that XO activity can be associated with the development and progression not only of gout, but, possibly, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and other cardiovascular diseases.</p><p>The paradigm of an association of hyperuricemia (HU) with cardiovascular and chronic renal diseases has undergone certain changes — from skepticism to obtaining the evidence of its serious negative impact. Moreover, XO has been established to be a key enzyme involved in the synthesis of uric acid (UA) as a final adenine nucleotides metabolite, and is extensively present in various organs (the liver, intestine, lung, kidneys, heart, and brain) and in plasma. XO plays an important role in the synthesis not only of UA, but also in that of superoxide free radicals. There are two possible mechanisms linking metabolism and inflammation, in which UA is involved: inflammation activated by UA crystallization and generation of superoxide free radicals during its synthesis. The role of reactive oxygen species is discussed in a number of pathological conditions: induction of apoptosis/necrosis, inhibition of expression of many genes, activation of cell signaling cascades, oxidative damage to DNA and lipids, inflammation, metabolic disorders, atherosclerosis, etc. Inhibition of these mechanisms leads to a decrease in the synthesis and accumulation of UA in the bones, joints and other tissues. Accordingly, XO is a confirmed target for the treatment of gout, and, possibly, other HU-associated conditions. After introduction of a new XO inhibitor (iXO) into clinical practice, the target level of UA has can be achieved by more than 80% of patients with gout. So there is a growing interest in the assessment of the potentials of iXO for the treatment of different pathological conditions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ксантиноксидаза</kwd><kwd>активные формы кислорода</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы ксантиноксидазы</kwd><kwd>ксантиндегидрогеназа</kwd><kwd>ксантиноксиредуктаза</kwd><kwd>гиперурикемия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>xanthine oxidase</kwd><kwd>reactive oxygen species</kwd><kwd>xanthine oxidase inhibitors</kwd><kwd>xanthine dehydrogenase</kwd><kwd>xanthine oxidoreductase</kwd><kwd>hyperuricemia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kratzer JT, Lanaspa MA, Murphy MN, et al. Evolutionary history and metabolic insights of ancient mammalian uricases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Mar П;Ш(10): 3763-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1320393111. 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