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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mrj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Rheumatology Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1996-7012</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-158X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1996-7012-2019-2-47-54</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mrj-910</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Метаболические аспекты прогнозирования достижения ремиссии по базальной экспрессии генов в крови у больных ревматоидным артритом при терапии метотрексатом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Metabolic aspects of clinical remission prediction from baseline blood gene expression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with methotrexate</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Четина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chetina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демидова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demidova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркова</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Markova</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>05</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Четина Е.В., Демидова Н.В., Маркова Г.А., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Четина Е.В., Демидова Н.В., Маркова Г.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chetina E.V., Demidova N.V., Markova G.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/910">https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/910</self-uri><abstract><p>Ревматоидный артрит (РА) – аутоиммунное заболевание неизвестной этиологии, характеризующееся хроническим эрозивным артритом (синовит) и системным воспалительным поражением внутренних органов. Метотрексат (МТ) является препаратом выбора для лечения РА. Однако в настоящее время невозможно предсказать эффективность МТ у конкретного больного; у значительного числа пациентов он не дает желаемого эффекта или вызывает побочные реакции. Выявление больных, чувствительных к МТ, позволило бы значительно улучшить результаты терапии.</p><p>Цель исследования – изучение особенностей базальной (до терапии) экспрессии генов, ответственных за основные пути метаболизма и генерации энергии, у больных РА с различной активностью заболевания, ранее не получавших МТ, а также идентификация генов, базальная экспрессия которых может служить предиктором достижения ремиссии.</p><sec><title>Пациенты и методы</title><p>Пациенты и методы. Исследована кровь 40 больных РА, ранее не получавших МТ (средний возраст 47,5 года, средняя длительность заболевания 7,9 нед) и 26 здоровых доноров (средний возраст 45,1 года). Всем больным был назначен МТ (15 мг/нед), который они получали в течение 2 лет. Клинический ответ оценивали по индексу DAS28, сывороточным уровням антител к циклическому цитруллинированному пептиду, СРБ и ревматоидного фактора. Ремиссию диагностировали в соответствии с критериями ACR/EULAR и по DAS28 (DAS28&lt;2,6). Структурные изменения суставов оценивали рентгенологически. Экспрессию генов определяли в клетках периферической крови посредством обратно-транскриптазной полимеразной цепной реакции в режиме реального времени. Контрольную группу составили 26 произвольно набранных доноров крови без аутоиммунных заболеваний и отягощенной наследственности, сопоставимых по полу и возрасту с группой больных.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. На фоне терапии МТ наблюдалось значительное уменьшение активности заболевания по индексу DAS28. В конце исследования большинство больных имели умеренную (3,2≤ DAS28 ≤5,1), 4 – высокую активность заболевания, а у 12 достигнута ремиссия (DAS28 &lt;2,6). Анализ экспрессии генов показал, что больные РА, достигшие клинической ремиссии после терапии МТ, имели более высокую базальную экспрессию генов, ассоциированных с гликолизом (Glut1, PKM), воспалением (TNFα), аутофагией (ULK1), апоптозом (каспаза 3, р21) и гипоксией (HIF1α), по сравнению с больными, не достигшими ремиссии, и здоровыми лицами. Кроме того, у пациентов, достигших ремиссии, базальная экспрессия гена CD1 оказалась значительно выше, чем у здоровых лиц, тогда как у остальных пациентов экспрессия этого гена была существенно ниже, чем в контроле. При сохранении высокой активности заболевания базальная экспрессия генов p21, каспазы 3, TGFβ1 и RUNX2 была значительно ниже, чем у здоровых лиц и остальных больных РА.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Достижение ремиссии у больных РА, ранее не получавших МТ, ассоциируется с более высокой базальной (до терапии) экспрессией генов, связанных с активностью гликолиза, воспалением, аутофагией, апоптозом, гипоксией, по сравнению с больными, не способными достичь ремиссии. Повышенная базальная экспрессия гена СD1 по сравнению с таковой у здоровых лиц может служить предиктором чувствительности к терапии МТ. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, which is characterized by chronic erosive arthritis (synovitis) and systemic inflammation of the viscera. Methotrexate (MTX) is the drug of choice for RA treatment. However, it is currently impossible to predict the efficacy of MTX in a particular patient; the drug fails to produce the desired effect or causes adverse reactions in a considerable number of patients. The identification of patients who are responsive to MTX could significantly improve the results of therapy.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to investigate the specific features of baseline (pretreatment) expression of genes responsible for major metabolic and energy production pathways in RA patients with different disease activity and to identify the genes, the baseline expression of which could serve as a predictor for remission attainment.</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Patients and methods. Blood from 40 RA patients (mean age 47.5 years; mean disease duration 7.9 weeks) who had not previously received MTX and 26 healthy donors (mean age 45.1 years). All the patients had used MTX (15 mg/week) for 2 years. Clinical response was evaluated by DAS28 and the serum levels of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies, C-reactive protein, and rheumatoid factor. Remission was diagnosed according to ACR/EULAR and DAS28 (DAS28 &lt;2.6). Joint structural changes were radiographically evaluated. Gene expression was determined in peripheral blood cells by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. A control group consisted of 26 randomly recruited gender- and sex-matched patients without autoimmune diseases and a family history.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. MTX treatment significantly decreased disease activity according to DAS28. At the end of the investigation, the majority of patients had moderate disease activity (3.2≤ DAS28 ≤5.1), 4 had high disease activity, while 12 attained remission (DAS28 &lt;2.6). Gene expression analysis showed that RA patients who had achieved clinical remission after MTX therapy displayed higher baseline expression of the genes associated with glycolysis (Glut1, PKM), inflammation (TNF-α), autophagy (ULK1), apoptosis (caspase 3, p21), and hypoxia (HIF1α), compared with patients who had not attained remission and with healthy individuals. In addition, in patients who had achieved remission, the baseline expression of the CD1 gene was significantly higher than in healthy individuals, while in the remaining patients the expression of this gene was significantly lower than in the controls. While the disease activity remained high, the baseline expression of the p21, caspase 3, TGFβ1, and RUNX2 genes was significantly lower than in healthy individuals and other patients with RA.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Remission achievement in RA patients who had not previously received MTX was associated with higher baseline (pretreatment) gene expression associated with glycolytic activity, inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis, and hypoxia compared with patients who failed to attain remission. Elevated baseline expression of the CD1 gene compared with that in healthy individuals may serve as a predictor of sensitivity to MT therapy. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ревматоидный артрит</kwd><kwd>DAS28</kwd><kwd>ремиссия</kwd><kwd>экспрессия генов</kwd><kwd>периферическая кровь</kwd><kwd>воспаление</kwd><kwd>энергетический метаболизм</kwd><kwd>циклин D1</kwd><kwd>метотрексат</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rheumatoid arthritis</kwd><kwd>DAS28</kwd><kwd>remission</kwd><kwd>gene expression</kwd><kwd>peripheral blood</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd><kwd>energy metabolism</kwd><kwd>cyclin D1</kwd><kwd>methotrexate</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">РФФИ</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Espinoza F, Fabre S, Pers YM. 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