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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mrj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Rheumatology Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1996-7012</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-158X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1996-7012-2020-1-12-19</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mrj-987</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Десятилетний опыт индукционной и поддерживающей терапии ритуксимабом у пациентов с АНЦА-ассоциированными системными васкулитами</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ten-year experience with rituximab for induction and maintenance therapy in patients with ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бекетова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Beketova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А;</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522;</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tvbek22@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Насонов</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nasonov</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А;</p><p>кафедра внутренних, профессиональных болезней и ревматологии, 119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522;</p><p>Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases and Rheumatology, 8, Trubetskaya St., Build. 2, Moscow 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»;&#13;
ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет),</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology;&#13;
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>19</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бекетова Т.В., Насонов Е.Л., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бекетова Т.В., Насонов Е.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Beketova T.V., Nasonov E.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/987">https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/987</self-uri><abstract><p>Ритуксимаб (РТМ), моноклональные антитела к поверхностным CD20+ рецепторам В-клеток, приобретает все большее значение для индукционного и поддерживающего лечения системных васкулитов, ассоциированных с антинейтрофильными цитоплазматическими антителами (АНЦА-СВ). Актуальной проблемой является оптимизация эффективности терапии РТМ со снижением риска нежелательных реакций (НР).</p><p>Целью данного исследования была оценка эффективности и безопасности применения РТМ для индукции и поддержания ремиссии при АНЦА-СВ на основании 10-летнего опыта наблюдения пациентов в одном центре.</p><sec><title>Пациенты и методы</title><p>Пациенты и методы. Представлен собственный 10-летний опыт применения РТМ для индукции и поддержания ремиссии у 103 пациентов с АНЦА-СВ, в том числе гранулематозом с полиангиитомом (ГПА; n=58), микроскопическим полиангиитом (МПА; n=35), АНЦА-позитивным эозинофильным гранулематозом с полиангиитом (ЭГПА; n=4) и АНЦА-негативным ЭГПА (n=6). Длительность наблюдения после начала лечения РТМ превышала 1 год (за исключением случаев летального исхода) и в среднем в разных группах АНЦА-СВ варьировала от 25 до 58 мес. Мониторинг пациентов осуществлялся каждые 3 мес. Интервалы между повторными курсами определялись в зависимости от динамики клинико-лабораторных показателей. Средняя суммарная доза РТМ превышала 3 г, 75% пациентов получали повторные курсы РТМ, которые проводили с интервалом в 4–12 мес, как правило, в суммарной дозе 0,5–1,0 г.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. При АНЦА-СВ повторные курсы РТМ были высокоэффективны, частота клинического ответа составила 97%, при этом полный клинический ответ достигнут у 90–93% пациентов с различными формами АНЦА-СВ. Несмотря на то что изучаемая популяция характеризовалась высокой долей пациентов с тяжелым, рефрактерным течением заболевания, летальность больных АНЦА-СВ за весь период наблюдения составила 10%.</p><p>Анти-В-клеточная терапия РТМ имеет большое значение в обеспечении оптимальных долгосрочных результатов, позволяя улучшить контроль АНЦА-СВ и минимизировать кумулятивную дозу глюкокортикоидов. Поскольку при АНЦА-СВ применение повторных курсов РТМ, в том числе в редуцированной дозе 0,5 г, способствует повышению эффективности лечения и снижению риска рецидива, целесообразна длительная, в течение 2 лет и более, терапия РТМ под контролем параметров клинико-иммунологической активности, уровня циркулирующих CD20+ В-клеток и сывороточных иммуноглобулинов, дефицит которых потенциально может способствовать повышению риска инфекционных НР. При планировании терапии РТМ следует учитывать особенности профиля безопасности при отдельных нозологических формах и проводить тщательный соответствующий мониторинг больных АНЦА-СВ, получающих РТМ. При всех нозологических формах АНЦА-СВ наиболее высок риск развития поздней отсроченной нейтропении (3–10%). У больных ГПА и МПА существенную долю серьезных НР составляют инфекции (10–11%). Ведение больных ЭГПА требует настороженности в отношении риска инфузионных реакций, прежде всего бронхоспазма.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Требуется дальнейшее изучение стратегии анти-В-клеточной терапии, включая вопросы эффективности и безопасности РТМ при АНЦА-СВ, уточнение показаний и оптимальных схем лечения РТМ. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Rituximab (RTM), a monoclonal antibody against CD20+ receptors on the membrane of B-cells, is becoming increasingly important for the induction and maintenance treatment of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated systemic vasculitis (ANCA-SV). The challenge facing us is to optimize its efficacy, while limiting adverse events (AEs).</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of RTM used for the induction and maintenance of remission in ANCA-SV on the basis of 10-year single-center experience.</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Patients and methods. The paper presents the authors’ own 10-year experience with RTM used for the induction and maintenance of remission in 103 patients with ANCA-SV, including granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) (n=58), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) (n=35), ANCA-positive eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) (n=4), and ANCA-negative EGPA (n=6). The duration of a follow-up after initiation of RTM treatment was more than a year (with the exception of death cases) and averaged 25 to 58 months in different ANCA-SV groups. The patients were monitored every 3 months. The intervals between repeated cycles were dependent on the time course of changes in clinical and laboratory parameters. The mean cumulative RTM dose exceeded 3 g; 75% of patients received repeated cycles of RMT usually at a cumulative dose of 0.5–1.0 g at a 4–12-month interval.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. Repeated RTM cycles for ANCA-SV were highly effective; the clinical response rate was 97%, while 90–93% of patients with different types of ANCA-SV achieved complete clinical response. Despite the fact that the examined population included a high proportion of patients with a severe or refractory course of the disease; ANCA-SV patients showed 10% mortality rates during the entire follow-up period. Anti-B-cell therapy with RTM is of great importance in obtaining long-term optimal results, making it possible to improve ANCA-SV control and to minimize the cumulative dose of glucocorticoids. Since in ANCA-SV, the use of repeated cycles of RTM, including that at a reduced dose of 0.5 g, contributes to the higher efficiency of treatment and to the lower risk of relapse, it is advisable to perform long-term (≥2 years) RTM therapy, by controlling the parameters of clinical and immunological activities and the levels of circulating CD20+ B cells and serum immunoglobulins, deficiency of which can potentially increase the risk of infectious AEs. When planning RTM therapy, it is necessary to consider the specific features of the safety profile for individual nosological entities and to make a careful appropriate monitoring of ANCA-SV patients receiving RTM. The risk of late-onset neutropenia was highest in patients with all types of ANCA-SV (3–10%). Infections in patients with GPA and MPA constitute a substantial proportion (10–11%) in serious AEs. Management of EGPA patients requires alertness to the risk of infusion-related reactions, primarily bronchospasm.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. There is a need for further investigation of an anti-B-cell therapy strategy, including the efficacy and safety of RTM in ANCA-SV and for clarification of indications and optimal RTM treatment regimens. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>АНЦА-ассоциированные системные васкулиты</kwd><kwd>ритуксимаб</kwd><kwd>В-клетки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis</kwd><kwd>rituximab</kwd><kwd>B cells</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Насонов ЕЛ. Перспективы анти-В-клеточной терапии в ревматологии. 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Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63(8):2209-14. doi: 10.1002/art.30427</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
