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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mrj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Современная ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Rheumatology Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1996-7012</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-158X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1996-7012-2020-1-78-84</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mrj-997</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Криоглобулинемия и криоглобулинемический васкулит: этиологические аспекты и патофизиологические ассоциации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cryoglobulinemia and cryoglobulinemic vasculitis: etiological aspects and pathophysiological associations</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Головач</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golovach</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>03143, Киев, ул. Академика Заболотного, 21</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>21, Academician Zabolotnyi St., Kyiv 03143</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">golovachirina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егудина</surname><given-names>Е. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yegudina</surname><given-names>Ye. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>04071, Киев, ул. Спасская, 5</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>5, Spasskaya St., Kyiv 04071</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Клиническая больница «Феофания» Государственного управления делами<country>Украина</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Feofaniya Clinical Hospital, State Administration of Affairs<country>Ukraine</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Клиника современной ревматологии<country>Украина</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Modern Rheumatology Clinic<country>Ukraine</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>78</fpage><lpage>84</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Головач И.Ю., Егудина Е.Д., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Головач И.Ю., Егудина Е.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Golovach I.Y., Yegudina Y.D.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/997">https://mrj.ima-press.net/mrj/article/view/997</self-uri><abstract><p>Термин «криоглобулинемия» (КГ) употребляется при обнаружении в сыворотке крови иммуноглобулинов, которые обратимо осаждаются и образуют гель при температуре ниже 37 °С и растворяются при повышении температуры выше 37 °С. КГ I типа представлена только одним изотипом или подклассом моноклональных иммуноглобулинов, тогда как II и III типы классифицируются как смешанная КГ (СКГ), для которой преимущественно характерно наличие иммуноглобулинов G и M. Чаще к криоглобулинемическому васкулиту (КГВ) может привести СКГ II и II–III типов, реже – III типа. Присутствие криоглобулинов I типа всегда ассоциировано с В-клеточными лимфопролиферативными заболеваниями. СКГ II или III типа, напротив, чаще ассоциирована с системными аутоиммунными заболеваниями, хроническими инфекциями. Так, вирусный гепатит С способствует развитию СКГ в 80–90% случаев. Во всем мире КГВ считается редким заболеванием (&lt;5 случаев на 10 тыс. человек в общей европейской и североамериканской популяции). Среди аутоиммунных заболеваний чаще всего с СКГ ассоциированы первичный синдром Шёгрена (болезнь Шёгрена), системная красная волчанка и ревматоидный артрит. Патогенетическая роль криоглобулинов в индуцировании васкулита связана как с рекрутированием лейкоцитов в сосуды, так и с отложением иммунных комплексов, с активацией системы комплемента и повреждением микрососудов. Патогенез КГВ связан с В-клеточной лимфопролиферацией, продукцией аутоантител, синтезом иммуноглобулинов, с активностью ревматоидного фактора и последующим образованием криопреципитируемых иммунных комплексов в сочетании с неэффективным клиренсом криоглобулинов моноцитами и/или макрофагами. В данном обзоре собрана обновленная информация об эпидемиологии, этиологии и патогенезе КГ с особым акцентом на СКГ и КГВ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The term cryoglobulinemia (CG) is used when detecting serum immunoglobulins that reversibly precipitate and form a gel at a temperature below 37 °C and dissolve when the temperature rises above 37 °C. Type I CG consists of only one isotype or a subclass of monoclonal immunoglobulins, while types II and III are classified as mixed CG (MCG) that is primarily characterized by the presence of immunoglobulins G and M. Types II and II-III MCG can result in cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CGV) more frequently, whereas type III can lead to this condition less frequently. The presence of type I cryoglobulins is always associated with B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases. On the contrary, type II or type III MCG is more commonly associated with systemic autoimmune diseases and chronic infections. Thus, hepatitis C virus infection contributes to the development of MCG in 80–90% of cases. CGV is considered a rare disease worldwide (&lt;5 cases per 10,000 people in the general European and North American populations). Among autoimmune diseases, primary Sjögren's syndrome (Sjögren's disease), systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis are most often associated with MCG. The pathogenetic role of cryoglobulins in inducing vasculitis is associated with both leukocyte recruitment to the vessels and deposition of immune complexes, with complement system activation and microvascular damage. The pathogenesis of MCG is associated with B-cell lymphoproliferation, autoantibody production, immunoglobulin synthesis, rheumatoid factor activity and the subsequent formation of cryoprecipitated immune complexes in conjunction with ineffective cryoglobulin clearance by monocytes and/or macrophages. This review contains updated information on the epidemiology, etiology, and pathogenesis of CG, with particular emphasis on MCG and CGV.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>криоглобулинемия</kwd><kwd>васкулит</kwd><kwd>иммуноглобулины</kwd><kwd>вирус гепатита С</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>лимфопролиферативный процесс</kwd><kwd>В-клетки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cryoglobulinemia</kwd><kwd>vasculitis</kwd><kwd>immunoglobulins</kwd><kwd>hepatitis C virus</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd><kwd>lymphoproliferative process</kwd><kwd>B cells</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cacoub P, Comarmond C, Domont F, et al. Cryoglobulinemia vasculitis. Am J Med. 2015;128(9):950-5. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2015.02.017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cacoub P, Comarmond C, Domont F, et al. Cryoglobulinemia vasculitis. 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