ЭЙКОЗАНОИДЫ И ВОСПАЛЕНИЕ

Воспаление является важнейшим элементом патогенеза основных заболеваний человека. Это определяет принципиальное значение противовоспалительной терапии в современной концепции целенаправленного патогенетического лечения. Рациональный выбор противовоспалительных средств и разработка новых, перспективных препаратов немыслимы без четких знаний особенностей развития воспалительной реакции. Ключевую роль в процессе воспаления играют метаболиты полиненасыщенных жирных кислот – эйкозаноиды. Эти субстанции оказывают разнообразные и часто антагонистические биологические эффекты, что определяется их химической природой и особенностями рецепторов, с которыми они взаимодействуют. Одни из них (простагландины, лейкотриены, эоксины и гепоксилины) являются мощными медиаторами воспаления и боли, другие (липоксины, производные эпоксиэйкозатриеновой кислоты, резолвины, протектины, марезин и эндоканнабиноиды) оказывают противовоспалительное и цитопротективное действие, способствуя разрешению воспалительной реакции. В настоящем обзоре рассмотрены основные классы эйкозаноидов, их метаболизм, эффекты и клиническое значение, а также возможности фармакологического вмешательства в их синтез или взаимодействие с рецепторами. 

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