Новые молекулярные аспекты патогенеза остеопороза – перспективы ранней диагностики и лечения

Остеопороз (ОП) – широко распространенное заболевание, приводящее к низкотравматическим переломам и являющееся серьезной медицинской и социальной проблемой. Зачастую именно перелом бывает первым клиническим проявлением ОП, длительно протекавшего бессимптомно, что диктует необходимость разработки методов раннего выявления и оценки риска развития этого заболевания. ОП – многофакторное заболевание с выраженным наследственным компонентом, однако, как показывают данные изучения генетических факторов, можно объяснить лишь 15% наследуемости данного признака. В связи с этим фокус исследований смещается в область эпигенетической регуляции, которая контролирует активность генов без изменения первичной структуры ДНК. Одним из наиболее перспективных механизмов эпигенетического управления является метилирование, которому подвергаются как ДНК, так и РНК и гистоны. Особенности этих механизмов и возможности их использования для диагностики и лечения ОП представлены в данном обзоре.

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